نشریه مطالعات طب ورزشی
پیاپی 15 (بهار و تابستان 1393)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of core stability training on the Trunk Endurance of the University indoor soccer player. Twenty four subjects from Mazandaran university were voluntarily participated and randomly divided into experimental (n = 12) and control (n = 12) groups. At the onset of the study، Trunk Endurance were measured by some field core stability tests such as Sorensen، trunk flexion، right bridge and left bridge، respectively. Experimental group performed the Exercise training protocol (bridges with marching، bicycle، bilateral leg lowering، static abs، etc.)، three days per week for 6 weeks. At the end of sixth week، subjects performed the second trunk endurance tests. Data was presented as mean ± SD. the difference between variable was evaluated by independent T test. Significant differences were observed in Sorensen (p <0/017)، trunk flexion (p <0/026) and right bridge (p <0/023) between two groups. Majority of trunk endurance scores improved for the exercise group when compared to the control group. This improvement in trunk endurance justified the idea of core strengthening improve muscular endurance of the core. Core stabilization-training can be used to enhance trunk endurance in indoor soccer players.

Previous studies showed FIFA comprehensive warm up program reduce sport injuries but to date there is limited information on how such programs affect dynamic balance of soccer players. To study the effects of a structured injury prevention program، 11+، on dynamic balance among adolescent male soccer players between 14 and 16 years of age. Sixty six adolescence players (34 training، 32 control) aged 14-16 with no lower extremity injury from four youth male amateur soccer teams were included in the cluster randomized controlled trial. The teams were randomized two and two in control and training groups. Training-group subjects participated in a 30 weeks FIFA comprehensive warm up program 11+ that included plyometrics، core muscle strengthening، balance، and running exercises. These exercise performed at least twice a week as warm up. The control group performed its’ usual training. Dynamic balance was evaluated with Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT). The SEBT was administered prior to and following 30 weeks of 11+ program in the training and control groups. Data was analyzed with separate 2×2 repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). The between-subjects variable was group (2 levels: control، training) and the within-subject variable was time (2 levels: pre، post). Paired sample t-test and t-test for independent groups used to analyze within and between subjects data. The 11+ training group showed statistically significant increases in anterior، Anteriomedial، Medial، Posteriomedial and lateral reach direction at the posttest compared with the control group (P <. 05) using the SEBT. The study demonstrates that 11+ training program can increase the dynamic balance capabilities of adolescent soccer players.

Using new materials of nanotechnology in sport shoe outsoles that can affect the ground reaction force components during stance phase of running have not been investigated in the literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of shoe outsole made by composite of thermo plastics elastomer and Silica nanoparticles on mean of active force، passive force، propulsive force and braking force and vertical loading rate compared to polyvinyl chloride shoe outsole during stance phase of running. 15 male ran on a force plate at 3. 5m. s-1 under barefoot and shod conditions. The mean of vertical and anterior-posterior ground reaction forces and vertical loading rate were statistically analyzed using paired t-tests (α£0. 05). Results showed that mean of active force، passive force; propulsive force and vertical loading rate were significantly increased by the in Nano composite shoe compared to polyvinyl chloride shoe (α£0. 05). Also، Nano composite shoe caused to increasing in mean of active force، passive force، propulsive force and loading rate 7%، 3. 74%، 2. 09% and 6. 06%، respectively. Nano composite shoe with hardness of 70 shores A was caused to increasing in mean vertical ground reaction force and mean propulsive force compared to polyvinyl chloride shoe with hardness of 65 shores A. This increase probably is because of the Tensile strength that caused by Nanosilica and could improve sport performance. However، increased vertical loading rate as result of using Nano composite shoe may predispose runners to running related injuries.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of six weeks strength training on nonspecific neck-shoulder pain in female carpet weavers. Subjects were 20 women with a mean age 29/24±/2 years، weight 74±1/6 kg and 7/2±/3 years work history whose their initial work neck-shoulder pain intensity were three and more. They randomly divided into experimental (N=10) and control (N=10) groups. Investigation was semi empirical type with pretest and posttest design and neck-shoulder pain demonstration intensity of two groups of subjects were assessed by subjective pain rating scale (0-9). Experimental work which was in the form of performance of special strength training for shoulders and neck، was carried out for six weeks، three sessions per week، each session lasting 45 minutes. Statistical operations accomplished using descriptive statics and dependent and independent t test by SPSS software (version 21). In the end of the program، dependent t-test results indicated a 3/8±. /2 reduction of pain (in Numerical Rating Scale) in experimental group (p. Based on the results of the independent t-test، the experimental group pain at the end of experimental، was 3/2±. /65 degree (in Numerical Rating Scale) lower than the control group (p. According to these results،18 sessions of specific neck and shoulder strength training significantly reduced neck-shoulder pain in female carpet wavers.

The results of previous studies indicated that there is relationship between proprioception and neuromuscular coordination deficits with amount of pain in patients with low back pain. The aim of present study was the efficacy of sensorimotor training on proprioception and neuromuscular coordination in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain. 53 patient with chronic nonspecific low back pain were selected by using Roland Morrice questionnaires and assigned into experimental (N=27) and control (N=26) groups. The experimental group underwent a 5 weeks of sensorimotor training on Huber spine force. The Huber machine، goniometer and visual analogue scale used for neuromuscular coordination، prorioception and low back pain measurement respectively that were completed at baseline and after 10 sessions of sensorimotor training. The paired and sample t tests were used for data analysis in SPSS program version 18. A significant improvement at the proprioceptive and neuromuscular coordination and also significant reduction were seen in the pain scores of subjects with chronic nonspecific low back pain (P=0. 001). Considering the extremely large effect size of the sensorimotor group، we recommend that this program be used in the treatment of patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain in future.

In recent years the role of the pelvic muscles and back muscles as part of the central region in the pathology and treatment of sports injuries of the lower extremities has been noted. Deformity of the jenu varum is considered one of the most common footballer injuries. Since the most common elements abductor and adductor thigh muscles are involved in this problem، therefore، the purpose of this study was to compare the enduranceof core stability muscles between male football players with and without jenu varum abnormality. In this study، trunk flexor and Extensor and lateral flexor strength of the 50 male football players involve 25 with jenu varum (age 22 ± 1. 4 yr، height 176. 4±4. 3 cm، weight 72. 7±4. 1 kg) and 25 males without the jenu varum (age 23 ± 1. 7 yr، height 175. 5±3. 9 cm، weight 74. 6±3. 2 kg) were measured. To measure the muscle in both groups endurance by Digital Stopwatch، by McGill and Biering-Sorensen tests was used. Trunk flexor، extensor، and lateral flexor strength in football players with jenu varum abnormalities compared with non-infected footballers would be significantly less (P<0. 05). The results of this research indicate that it is probably a major factor in reducing the core stabilization muscles strength the risk of being infected with knee jenu varum footballers. This should be confirmed in future comparative studies. Increased strength of these muscles is likely to reduce the risk of knee jenu varum.