فصلنامه پژوهش های تجربی حسابداری
سال پنجم شماره 3 (پیاپی 19، بهار 1395)

This study is aimed to investigate the relation of company life cycle with intangible assets relevance. In this research, first, intangible assets relevance has been investigated and then, the relevance of these assets is examined during each of the stages of firm's life, and finally, utilizing correlation analysis, multivariable regressions and Wald test the hypotheses are examined. The analysis of 25 firms during the period of 2004 to 2012 show that there is a positive and significant relation of book value of firm, abnormal earning and book value of intangible assets with the equity market value. Also the results show that among the life cycle stages of firm, the relevance of intangible assets is higher in maturity and decline stages.

This study examines the relation between financial leverage and investment decisions and role of growth opportunities in this field. 97 firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the 10 year period from 2002 to 2011 were reviewed. Two measures of financial leverage have been used: debt to asset ratio and long term debt to asset ratio. The relation between the first financial leverage ratio (debt to assets) and investment was negative and significant and the relation between the second financial leverage ratio (long term debt to assets ratio) and investment were positive and significant. The results show a stronger negative relationship between the first financial leverage ratio and investment in firms with fewer growth opportunities than firms with more growth opportunities.

Lacking intention to report detected errors by independent auditors reduces the quality of their work and leads to audit firm failure. This study investigates the effects of interaction among auditors personality type, audit firm ethical culture and audit team norms on auditors’ intention to report detected errors. To investigate the interaction effects of the variables, the MODPROBE regression is used. The relation between variables and hypotheses is justified by Theory of Planned Behavior. The sample consists of audit firms, certified auditors in audit organization, and audit firms partners. Data are collected using questionnaire. The results indicate that the existing of audit firm ethical culture and audit team norms moderate the relation between auditors personality type and auditors’ intention to report errors. Thus, in audit firms with strong ethical culture and audit team norms, auditors with any personality type have more intention to report detected errors and misstatements.

The study is aimed to investigate the necessity of changes in the financial and operational accountability systems of public universities and to identify its dimensions while accepting financial and operational accountability system as a system consisting of various subsystems. This investigation is made through obtaining views of 40 experts in the field of financial and operational accountability system changes in universities and 90 professors and graduate students of Tehran 's accounting department of public universities. To test the hypotheses, the study uses Binomial test and T-test. The results show that in the views of both groups, changes in financial and operational accountability system are necessary. In view of experts, for independence of universities, development dimensions in the bodies are different from those of other public sectors. Changes in financial and operational accountability system in public universities require a change in its financial accounting system, management accounting system establishment, and development of the financial and compliance audit to performance audit.

Trade credit is one of the most important resources for short term financing. Several different factors affect trade credit one of the most important of which is accounting quality. Therefore, this paper examines the relation between a firm’s amount of trade credit and its accounting quality. Earnings smoothness, conservatism and earnings management are independent variables being used to proxy for accounting quality, and the dependent variable is trade credit. Earning to operating cash flow ration and discretionary accruals are criteria for earning smoothness and earning management respectively. Discretionary accruals are adjusted by Jones model (1995) and conservatism is calculated by Khan& Watts model (2009). Also, trade credit is calculated using payable accruals to total assets ratio. The sample consists of 127 firms listed in Tehran stock exchange from 2008 to 2013. The ordinary least square method is used to test hypotheses. Results show that there is no significant relation between amount of trade credit and earnings smoothness as well as conservatism while there is a significant negative relation between the amount of trade credit and earnings management. In other words, increasing in earnings management decreases trade credit.

The main factor in the success of many service companies, including auditing institutions, is manpower. Without expert manpower, performance and effectiveness of these institutions will be essentially affected, because human resource is the most important asset of the institutions. Therefore, functional behavior and also durability of auditors have great importance to these institutions. In the other hand, the dysfunctional behavior and turnover of employees in these institutions will be a big blow. This study aims to examine the factors affecting the dysfunctional behavior at various levels (Including task complexity, auditor independence, time budget pressure and client’s importance) in order to answer the question whether dysfunctional behavior can influence the turnover of auditors in auditing institutions or not. So, 160 people (including technical managers, senior directors and supervisor) in the process of implementation of the study were surveyed using a questionnaire. The results of the analysis carried out using structural equation modeling and Smart PLS indicates that task complexity, auditor independence and time budget pressure impact dysfunctional behavior and this behavior has an effect on turnover in auditing institutions, while the role of the client’s importance on dysfunctional behavior is not supported.

The main purpose of the paper is to examine the relation between financial reporting Transparency and value relevance of accounting information. In order to measure financial reporting transparency in this paper, three important qualitative of accounting information, specially earning is used which improve financial reporting Transparency. These proxies are unsmoothing, earning predictability, accrual quality. In order to make assurance of results on each proxy, component index is made. The study used the Ohlson valuation model (1995) to examine value relevance of accounting information. After adjusting for outliers, a sample consists of 78 firms over 2006 to 2013 were studied. The findings indicate that financial accounting transparency has significant and positive effect on value relevance of accounting information. The results could encourage managers, who are interested in attracting more capital at lower costs, to improve the level of financial reporting transparency. This may lead to store investor confidence and increase the number of investors in Tehran Security Exchange and ultimately, bring growth and prosperity for the community.

The purpose of this study is to identify strengthening factors of auditor independence against the displacement threat of clients. In order to achieve a consensus, regarding prior literature, a list of affecting factors on auditor’s independence was extracted and then, thoughts of the experts gathered through questionnaire. The findings showed that all factors extracted from the literature and prior research, including reputation, growing audit firms, the allocation of current audit market by legal authorities, establishing appropriate punishment system in turn of auditors faults, peer review, increasing the knowledge of users of audits service in financial reporting, transparency about the responsibility of independent auditors, requiring auditors to communicate with former auditors partners, mutual responsibilities of partners and audit firms, restriction of the ratio of fees received from a specific client, requiring client to disclose the reasons for auditors change and periodically change of auditors and the lack of change possibility during a period by the clients, affect the independence of auditor’s opinion against the displacement threat of clients, but these factors haven’t been applied properly in the current state of Iranian CPAs yet.

The main goal of this paper is determination of premier companies according to investor's decision making model. Based on previous studies, this study applies 6 factors for investors decision making, 3 of which are cash basis (dividend per share, operational cash flow and free cash flow) and 3 others are accrual basis (operational income, earning per share and retained earnings). Data from 109 firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) is collected using Rahavard Novin software for a 13 years period from 2000 to 2013. Then, the firms are ranked based on cash basis, accrual basis and total factors using TOPSIS technique and Excel software. To test the first hypothesis, that is relative proximity index difference, the Friedman test and SPSS and to the second hypothesis, that is the relation between cash and accrual criteria, Spearman correlation and multiple regression tests are used. The first hypothesis test findings show that there is no significant difference between two relative proximity indexes. To determine premier companies, the study uses both cash and basis factors. The results of the second hypothesis test show that investors do not use efficiently scientific models and decision-making techniques.

Risk and return in is counted as one of the main tools in Finance literature which at the end will be presented as cost of capital. Cost of capital has a direct and important role in investment and finance decisions and always has been the main challenge for investors and finance decision makers. In this research we have tried to measure the cost of capital based on fundamental model and to compare it with employed cost of capital and Fama&French models. The result of investigation which was taken in 2011 among more than 88 TSE firms indicated that accounting based cost of capital in relation to financial variables has more correlation in compare with Fama&French and CAPM.As to this matter cost of capital can be a better help to users in evaluating and decision makings.