نشریه اقتصاد و بانکداری اسلامی
پیاپی 1 (زمستان 1391)

Nowadays the sustainable development has become one the main goals of the governments and states. On the other hand, an evaluation of the development history in the west shows that the main aim of the capitalist system in development is to reach economic welfare which simply originates from the western materialistic worldview. On the contrary, the main aim of the development in Islam is the spiritual progress of the human beings. The differences between Islam and the west considering the concept of development, is just because of their differences in defining human and bliss. In the capitalistic framework, development means that all political, economic, social and cultural systems of the country try to work hard for reaching the economic growth. It means that in this viewpoint, it is the economic matter that all the plans should focus on. The materialistic worldview is the origin of such beliefs. However, in an Islamic context, the aim is not just the economic situation of the country. But other spiritual dimensions are considered equally important. In fact, in Islam, development means strengthening the society, as a whole, toward the “Seir Ela Allah”. From this point of view, the economic development would be a way not a goal. Considering this point of view, this paper tries to shed some lights on the Islamic development indexes and compare it to that of conventional economics. Then, it tries to rank the Iranian provinces using these indexes. Shannon Entropy and TOPSIS method are used for classifying the provinces. The results show that Gom, Tehran and Khorasan Razavi are the first three tops according to the considered indexes.

Promoting macroeconomic objectives such as sustainability and acheiving endogenous and viable economic growth are the purposes of all economic systems. Increasing growth of financial methods and development of these systems drives from this reality that the development of financial system is an integral part of economic system development. By assuming Islamic financial systems, it can be concluded that they do not permit the use of current financial methods since usury is forbidden in Islam. So, they attempts to create Islamic financial instruments. As an islamic and non-usury financial instrument, Sukuk has found a suitable position among islamic governments and companies.
The current paper investigates the application of Sukuk in risk management and liquidity control through experiences of other islamic countries by applying a descriptive-analyctic method. Results show that Sukuk can be an appropriate instrument to manage risk and control liquidity. It can also sets the ground for growth and development of financial and economic systems in the region.

Discussion of consumer behavior is important to the economy, particularly in the Islamic economy. In this paper intertemporal consumption theory in the Islamic economic framework has been developed. Beginning, according to the Hadith and the framework of intertemporal consumption theory, it was concluded that the utility function of individual Muslims in addition of consumption depend on the charity. According to the budget constraints of individual Muslim, one fifth of the savings should be paid in khoms (1/5 of Savings). In this paper khoms is intended. Most orders in Islam exist that prevent of excesses and wastage. We optimized utility function according to budget constraint for the individual Muslims. After solving the model and according to the obtained equations, the optimal path of consumption and optimal path of charity are plotted over the time. Optimal routes based on the values ​​of zero interest rates and interest rates of 1% is plotted. Result was obtained with a zero interest rate that optimal consumption will be constant over time. According to the equations that calculated, consumption and charity in any given time dependent only to the present value of lifetime income and don’t dependent to the other variables such as prior consumption or charity. Also Note that the optimal consumption path is independent of the charity and also the optimal path of charity is independent of the consumption. The optimal paths of consumption and the charity only dependent to present value of income. With analysis on the present value of income variable have showed that the increase in total income only move up the optimal path of consumption and charity and does not change slope of path. All graphs in this study plotted with Matlab software.

One injury that business threatens solvent, low sales, which Islam has been severely criticized, as far as God in the Quran, Allah has revealed the name of an agent so it is faulty. Custom of the trade that is better when believers measure and weight, and put a little more time to get right, some take less. Contrary to popular opinion that the low sales be limited to the affairs Kiel and weight are known, this concept has a very wide range of the and including any deficiency in providing services or producing and selling goods, including quantity and quality are be. Least one example of the work low sale. Quranic verses and the establishment of monotheism and justice in two installments main purpose for prophets to portray. Social justice without avoiding low sales is achievable. analysis of low sales in the verses and hadith shows that low sales led away from the Divine Mercy, causing degeneration and corruption in society is. Drives in this study with literature review examines the juridical aspects of jurisprudence low pay sales transactions.

How should the exhaustible resources in a society be distributed between current and future generations? This question is a very relevant one for a country like Iran and the answer to it provides a rule for policy making in the area of natural resource management. This paper tries to answer this question that what is the optimal level for extraction and usage of the exhaustible resources according to the Islamic economic justice criteria? The research, first of all, provides a comparison between the Islamic economic justice criteria and that of modem (mainstream) economics. This part tries to show that there is a fundamental disagreement between Islam and capitalism. Then, a model for determining the optimal level of extraction and usage of the exhaustible resources is provided using the Islamic economic justice criteria.