نشریه اقتصاد و بانکداری اسلامی
پیاپی 26 (بهار 1398)

Public sector economics with an Islamic approach has scope, duties and responsibilities different from other civilizations and their economic theories. Compatibility of  public  sector, drivers in the development of a new Islamic civilization in the current era. The aim of this study which carried out by Analytical – descriptive method is analysis the Compatibility of public sector economics with the new Islamic civilization. The findings show that the public sector economics can through the creation of justice and growth, economic independence and authority, institution building, strengthening Islamic values and strengthen social and religious capital and civilizational unity influence in the formation and development of a new Islamic civilization. As well as create social justice, growth and prosperity, providing infrastructure, institutions and fields of civilization and the realization of Islamic good governance in the context of Islamic civilization, some of the most important components of the public sector are compatible with the new Islamic civilization.

In Islam, economic justice is based on two dimensions of social balance and social Takaful From the point of view of social balance, eradicating poverty is an issue of Islamic society, and from the point of view of social tact, it refers to the social responsibility of each individual in dealing with problems in society. Nowadays, Takaful has attracted the attention of Islamic finance scholars and financial market players around the world as one of the most commonly used models in risk coverage and insurance. In overall mechanism of the Takaful that's it the motakafelin, under a religious contract, pays a sum of money to the Takaful Fund as gifts and receives a certain services (such as payment of damages, etc.). Also the resources of the Takaful Fund are invested in projects which have a religious nature, and incomes are earned through investment. Takaful Company receives through this income a sum as a wage (Previously agreed upon between the members and the company). The principle of public bail is governed on this pattern as one of the basic principles of the Islamic economic system. According to this principle, the community members are mutually exclusive and they should take each other's bail. Accordingly, in this risk-taking pattern, unlike the usual insurance that is profitable, economic justice is well realized.

the effect of financial development and financial repression on economic growth is a challenging topic. This research examines the effect of banks facilities and their interest rates on economic growth in both Iran and Malaysia during the period 1366-1396 for Iran and 1985- 2016  for Malaysia by using the Distributed Lag Regression Model (ARDL). The statistical results indicate the positive effect of the variables of banks' facilities, foreign direct investment, and fixed capital formation on the growth rate and the negative effect of the real interest rate on the economic growth rate in Iran. But the trade balance coefficient negative in Iran and positive and insignificant in Malaysia, implying the vulnerability of the Iranian economy to foreign trade. In addition, the positive effect of FDI and the negative effect of the facility's interest rate on economic growth in Malaysia are far stronger than Iran. Therefore, monetary and interest rate policy is a more effective instrument for controlling flucyuations during the business cycle in the Malaysian economy compared to Iran.

The advancement of Islamic countries and the emergence of new financial and economic development needs, as well as avoiding usury in the past two decades, have prompted Muslim scholars and thinkers to design Islamic finance instruments and replace them with new financial instruments. During this time, a number of Islamic finance instruments were designed and implemented. Financial managers and experts were confused about choosing the best-fitting tools for financing. Sukuk, as one of the most sophisticated Islamic finance instruments, has been able to put the right place between the government and the Islamic company. To this end, in this research, we tried to identify and prioritize the use of Islamic financial instruments, based on the risks, the scope and applicability of liquidity in the capital market by using Fuzzy Vicor Method. Due to the nature of uncertainty and ambiguity in the evaluation, fuzzy logic capabilities were used to complete the performance decision matrix. Finally, it was determined that the priority of financing through Islamic securities is, respectively, Treasury bills, Intangible Bonds, Leasing Bonds and Indebted Bonds.

In the Islamic economic system, it requires a thriving and growing economy in order to achieve the achievement of a public defense and the eradication of poverty from the level of society as well as the achievement of authority and economic independence. To this end, foreign affiliations should be reduced and emphasis should be placed on domestic production and efforts to self-reliance. To the point where the Supreme Leader called the resistance economy economically, which under conditions of pressure, boycott, hostility and hostility can determine the country's growth and prosperity. The purpose of this research is to identify the resistance economy in Islam and its impact on a country. This research is a descriptive-analytical method. Research suggests that an economy with a resilient economy should strive to play an influential role in the global economy, so that imposing any sanctions against the country would jeopardize global security. Based on this, the basis of the resistance economy for the Islamic Republic of Iran should be based on the Islamic economy and the principles of the Holy Quran.

Banking industry is one of most important sector in the economy of countries. Islamic banking and conventional banking has an active role in the financing, economy cooperation and economic development of countries. Todays, banking system face to some challenge and risks. Liquidity risk is one of challenge that treats the banks and if it be incontrollable and mismanagement, the result will be bankruptcy. The purpose of this research is comparative study of liquidity risk and management in Islamic banking and conventional banking by using index of finance ratios in two system. In this research data collected between 2012-2015 from balance letter of four Islamic bank in Iran and four conventional bank in Afghanistan. The result of research show that ratio of debit to assets, ratio of facilities to assets and ratio of facilities to deposits in elected Islamic banks in Iran are more than Afghanistan conventional banks. Surpass of this ratios are marks of more liquidity risk in Iranian Islamic banks. Ratio of capital to assets, ratio of cash to entire assets in elected Iranian Islamic banks are lower than this ratios in Afghanistan banks and this result shows that liquidity risk in Islamic banking is more than conventional banks.

Consumption means the promotion of consumption and the purpose of life to be used in capitalist societies to cover the mass production of capitalism on the one hand, and on the other hand to provide more individual freedom and gain an independent identity. Hence, this phenomenon is not regarded as disingenuous but desirable and necessary for the social and economic life of societies. Many evidence suggests that other countries of the world, with different values and norms, including Iran, have chosen such a model for their socio-economic life. But from the point of view of Islamic teachings, consumerism and its dimensions and attributes can be analyzed as a new phenomenon. Therefore, in this paper, the identification of the exact characteristics of this phenomenon by descriptive-analytical method with the use of the works of Western thinkers and thinkers and then its comparison with Islamic principles, rules and teachings and, in other words, the Islamic model of consumption, is to be considered so through this comparison, to be able to provide useful implications for policy making and to bring society into a leading, dynamic, and resilient economy and culture.
The findings of the paper show that there are three different levels in several conceptual areas such as freedom, independence, social status, economic growth, environment, social justice, etc. There are serious differences between the two patterns that the Islamic model of consumption, if employed, will eliminate many of negative consequences and effects of Western consumerism, and make its alleged benefits, but also more.

In this paper, it has been tried to conduct an empirical investigation of the effects of religious belief with an Islamic view on the time allocation on doing things in the way of God. The statistical population of the research is the graduate students of Zahedan Universities, which 500 people have been selected as the sample. The data were collected by a questionnaire. The analysis was performed using the econometric method (regression). The major finding of the research is that belief and religious experience has a significant positive effect on doing things in the way of God, while income has a negative effect. However, deeds for God are positively correlated with the time for recreations. In addition, doing things in the way of God have a positive relationship with paying costs for God and when this has been increased that increased also.

Achieving economic growth and development is one of the most important goals of human societies. In the meantime, the role of human development is very important and human being both as a goal and a development tool has a special place in designing and implementation of development policies. This importance has made the world and international organizations pay special attention to human development and identify the factors that affect it. Islamic banking contracts are among the factors that are of great importance in the Issues related to development in Islamic economics and can have significant effects on the components of economic and social development in Islamic countries. In this study, the effect of Islamic banking contracts in terms of Musharekat, exchange contracts and Qard-ul-hasanah contracts on the human development index has been investigated in Iran during the years 2000 to 2016 (based on seasonal data). In order to estimate the effects of variables, the bounds testing and autoregressive distributed lag modeling (ARDL) approaches have been used. Regression results show that Islamic banking contracts in the short and long term have led to improvements in the human development index in Iran