فهرست مطالب

Chronic Diseases Journal
Volume:5 Issue: 2, Summer-Autumn 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/10/30
  • تعداد عناوین: 6
|
  • Shilan Shaikhamadi, Fayegh Yousefi, Parvaneh Taymori, Daem Roshani Pages 41-49
    Background
    Currently, the Internet has become an indispensable part of individuals’ lives. Given the increasing use of the Internet, especially among students, it is essential to analyze its impacts on the psychological characteristics of individuals. The present study was carried out aiming to determine the relationship between Internet addiction with depression and anxiety among the adolescents.
    Methods
    This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on all high school students of the city of Sanandaj, Iran. The study subjects included 595 students (285 girls and 310 boys) which were selected through cluster random sampling. The data collection tools in this study included Internet Addiction Test (IAT) by Young, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Data were analyzed using SPSS software, regression analysis, and chi-square test.
    Results
    It has been found that 28.7% of the students had Internet addiction. There was a significant correlation between Internet addiction and depression (P
    Conclusion
    The increasing Internet addiction in the Iranian society is associated with depression and anxiety. Therefore, providing educational programs for students and parents to use the Internet properly and diagnosis and treatment of Internet addiction among students are recommended.
    Keywords: Internet, Addiction, Depression, Anxiety, Adolescents, Students, High School
  • Fouad Rahimi, Alireza Gharib, Eghbal Fattahi Pages 50-57
    Background
    Self-efficacy is referred to as a person's belief in his/her ability to succeed in a particular situation. Training can be effective to enhance self-efficacy among the patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Therefore, the present study was carried out with the aim to determine the effect of training on the self-efficacy rate among the patients with DM.
    Methods
    The present study is a quasi-experimental study of interventional-control type. The data collection tool was a demographic questionnaire (demographic characteristics, educational needs assessment, and self-efficacy). 60 patients were selected by objective sampling method and were divided into the intervention and control groups (n = 30 in each group). Then, the replication-based study was performed on the subjects. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, chi-square, and Mann-Whitney tests in SPSS software.
    Results
    The results indicated that the difference in mean of educational needs assessment in self-efficacy in the pre-test stage was not significant (P = 0.950), however, there was a significant difference between the two groups in the post-test stage in terms of the educational needs assessment (P = 0.030). From the viewpoint of self-efficacy level, there was a difference between the two groups in the post-test phase. However, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 519).
    Conclusion
    Considering the dependence of patients with DM on receiving care services, recognition of patient and self-care needs based on nursing theories and care planning will help the patient to adapt and increase self-efficacy.
    Keywords: Self-Efficacy, Diabetes Mellitus, Education
  • Fouad Rahimi, Alireza Gharib Pages 58-63
    Background
    The family of patient with cancer encounters stresses that are sometimes uncontrollable. One of the strategies to gain control is to deal with such a situation hopefully. Hope plays a key role in coping with the stress associated with cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the experience of hope in the families of patients with cancer.
    Methods
    This qualitative study was a kind of content analysis. Data was collected via semi-structured interviews from 12 family members of patients with cancer living in Sanandaj City, Iran. All data were recorded, and qualitative content analysis method was used to extract the contents.
    Results
    It was revealed that hope leads to the self-belief, comfort, convenience, and power of individuals. Besides, the families of patients with cancer used several strategies including hope and spirituality that help developing the morale of the patients’ families, especially their beliefs. In addition, the results of the qualitative section indicated that the families of patients with cancer participating in the study were adapted to the conditions of these patients.
    Conclusion
    In addition to identifying some factors related to hope and coping with the stress caused by having a patient with cancer, this study showed that the families of these patients have achieved an understanding of hope. The survival of hope in these families was revealed by three components including compatibility, self-belief, and moving forward.
    Keywords: Hope, Life expectancy, Caregivers, Qualitative research, Cancer
  • Hadis Karimi, Ebrahim Ghaderi, Daem Roshani, Nasrollah Veisi, Mohammad Aziz Rasouli Pages 64-71
    Background
    Life expectancy index is used in assessing changes in the health status of Kurdistan Province community, Iran, especially among the elderly, the difference in the health levels of women and men, and also the economic levels and the desired changes. This study aimed to evaluate the life expectancy in the age groups in Kurdistan Province using demographic information and mortality based on age and sex during the years 2006 and 2016.
    Methods
    In this study, life expectancy was used for calculating life table according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Death information was extracted based on age groups and using demographic data of the statistical centers; in addition, the raw mortality rate was extracted according to age groups and calculated using Chiang method in the stage of life expectancy by sex and location. To analyze the data, Stata 12 and Excel software packages were used for calculations.
    Results
    Life expectancy at birth in Kurdistan Province in the whole population was equal to 74.56 and 78.31 years in 2006 and 2016, respectively, and this rate was higher among women compared to men.
    Conclusion
    Extensive factors including medical and health status, well-being, nutrition status and quality, etc., affect the life expectancy index in different societies, and promotion of each criterion increases the life expectancy. It is necessary to establish required fields for establishing these indicators at the provincial level by creating a complete and accurate record of mortality and illness.
    Keywords: Hope, Life Expectancy, Health Levels
  • Shahram Mami, Afshin Safarnia Pages 72-79
    Background
    Organizational efficiency depends on the proper performance of the workforce in the sphere of trade and staff. Since human resources form 70% of organizational resources and capital, supply of human capital requires a systematic instructional activities at all organizational levels. The main objective in this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of training programs and consultation for effective educational programs in a university hospital in Shohada hospital, Sarpol-e Zahab City, Iran, in 2017.
    Methods
    This study was a descriptive-survey research. Since the present study was an ex-post facto, the causal-comparative method was used. The population in this study included all 90 individuals of Shohada hospital in Sarpol-e Zahab City among which, 35 individuals were selected through the random sampling method. In this study, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. In addition, the statistical methods of chi-square and t-test were used in this study.
    Results
    Trainees positively responded to training programs, the null hypothesis is rejected. There was a significant difference in international training programs in learning and behavior before and after attending the training periods, then the contrary assumption is confirmed.
    Conclusion
    The trainees positively responded the training program. Therefore, the training programs had a (positive) effect in learning and behavior.
    Keywords: Effectiveness of Training, Self-Administered, Ex-Post Facto
  • Saman Esmaeilnejad, Esmaeil Rahimi, Mohammad Sajad Emami-Aleagha, Iman Sadeghi Pages 80-89
    Medical researchers and biologists have long been fascinated by the possibility of changing the identity of cells, a phenomenon known as cellular plasticity. Now, we know that differentiated cells can be experimentally coaxed to become pluripotent (cellular reprogramming). Recent studies have demonstrated that changes in cell identity are not limited to the laboratory, but also the tissue cells in live organisms are subjected to this process, too (endogenous cellular reprograming). Nowadays “reprogramming technology” has created new opportunities in understanding human chronic diseases, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine. This technology have enabled the generation of various specific cell types including cardiomyocytes, pancreatic beta cell, and neurons, from patient’s cells such as skin fibroblasts. Reprogramming technology provides a novel cell source for autologous cell transplantation. But, cell transplantation faces several difficult hurdles such as cell production and purification, long-term survival, and functional integration after transplantation. Recently, in vivo reprogramming, which uses endogenous cells for tissue repair, has emerged as a new approach to circumvent cell transplantation. Up till now, in vivo reprogramming has been practiced in the mouse pancreas, heart, brain, and spinal cord with various degrees of success. In this review, we summarize the progress made, therapeutic potentials, and the challenges ahead in this emerging research area.
    Keywords: Cellular Reprogramming, Chronic Disease, Guided Tissue Regeneration, Cellular Reprogramming Techniques