فصلنامه جغرافیا و آمایش شهری - منطقه ای
پیاپی 29 (زمستان 1397)

Destination's brand is located at the center of marketing strategies of destination  management organization. Because it is the consumer commitment to other’s advice towards travel to that destination or returning to the destination. Socio - cultural factors is introduced as one of the key and influential factors in consumer behavior model. The goal of this paper is measurement the effect of the four factors such as culture, family, reference group and social class on destination brand loyalty .The statistical society is domestic tourists in Esfahan and the sample size was 242 persons. According to research purpose, this study is an applied one and based on the research strategy, it is a surveying one  and questionnaire has been used to collect data. By using SPSS & AMOS software, independent t-test & structural equation modeling, the influence of seven independent factors (family, reference group, social class & four cultural dimensions of "Hoftsed" including Masculinity versus Femininity, collectivism versus individualism, performance orientation and power distance) were measured. The results indicated only four variables of seven independent variables affect destination brand loyalty. Reference group by 0.74 has ranked first following social class by 0.35, masculinity versus femininity by 0.33 and family by 0.26 have ranked second, third and fourth respectively. Also results indicated that upper class and upper middle class are more loyal than lower class and lower middle class.

The environmental field of human settlements is the basis of the social and economic system, and the structures and functions are based on it. On the basis of this, the physical-spatial transformations of rural and urban areas are the result of the interaction of different factors and forces in the environmental, ecological and socioeconomic dimensions. The aim of the paper is to to investigate and explain the physical-spatial changes of settlements in the central part of Kashan in the context of structural-functional scanning approach, with emphasis on rural-urban links. The Statistical Society in this research is 35 residential villages with a total of 14657 population and 4891 households in the central part of Kashan city which has been selected by the total number method. Data collection has been done by documentary and fieldwork procedure In the documentary method of statistical records, the research work has been done in universities ,institutes and the required information in this field obtained from the organizations such as: Iran's Statistics Center, Agricultural Jihad City, County Governor and Central District, and in the field method, data collection conducted trough The village questionnaire (Rural Administration and village Islamic council).The results of the study show that In the settlements of the central part of the Kashan city with Regional centered of this city,various environmental and ecological factors, and socioeconomic forces Cynically have been affected in the process of metamorphosis of the settlements; so that the consequences of these alterations can be traced in various fields, including environmental-ecological shifts, utilization of technology, land use change, agricultural activity restrictions, the development of industrial units and changes in patterns of social behavior. these outcomes not only have contributed to rural-urban development in some areas, but also conflicts have taken place in the physical-spatial arenas.

The present study seeks to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the formation of recurrent migration in the villages of the central part of Dezful. This research is descriptive-analytic in terms of purposefulness, applied and methodologically. Documentation and fieldwork have been used to collect information. Sampling method in this research was quotient sampling and questionnaire filling in a simple random sampling. In order to analyze the data, SPSS software and fuzzy inference system have been used in MATLAB environment. The results of simple t test showed that from the viewpoint of recursive immigrants, the economic and social index is the most important factor affecting the formation of return migration. The results of the correlation suggest that there is a strong and direct relationship between services and the number of returning migrants between villages. Also, the results of linear regression show that in the migration zone, the variables of age, sex, local belonging and residence distance are effective. Based on the Friedman test, access to infrastructure, communication, welfare and administrative services, land and housing in the village, and retirement occupations have been more important than other variables. Finally, the results of the fuzzy observation system indicate that if the value of the economic effect of 3.49 and the social impacts are 3.45 and the environmental impacts are 1.7, then the formation of the return migration would be 3.6 and the villages studied in the immigration Back up.

Today, the prevailing practice in the planning of cities in our country is more professional and technical, which is being done by the public sector and its lost link is the participation of civil society and private sector in the administration of urban affairs. In this regard, the best way to overcome the above disadvantages is to realize the desirable urban governance; it is possible to form the people's institutions, including neighborhood management, among them. Therefore, in this research, we aim to evaluate the desirable urban governance indexes with the neighborhood management approach. The research is a descriptive and analytical approach based on data from a questionnaire which has been done by documentary and survey method. The statistical population is the citizens of Modarrs, alvand and Koche Meshki  (63221 people) in Hamadan city. The sample size is 382 according to Cochran model. According to ANOVA and TUKEY tests, transparency, justice, effectiveness and efficiency indicators in Hamedan neighborhoods have the highest performance in urban governance desirability. Also, the results of the diagnostic analysis test indicate that more indicators of legality, equity and effectiveness are likely to be used to predict the level of urban governance utility in Hamadan's neighborhoods. In order to achieve a desirable government in these neighborhoods, we re-establish the approved laws regarding neighborhood-centered management with emphasis on accountability indicators and accountability and transparency of civil engineering projects in neighborhoods in order to inform citizens and use their participation in projects. And the projects are essential.

The plentiful problems of living in metropolitan areas, such as high living costs and high land and housing costs, mental and psychological pressures, environmental pollution and other repulsive factors, have led to many problems and have left room for residents and urban managers; therefore, the adoption of a decentralization policy The exit from the city of Tehran as the capital of the country is accepted and emphasized by experts and officials. This research is based on the studies and research carried out in this field with the aim of investigating the factors affecting the decision to leave and migrate residents of Tehran to other cities. The research was conducted by descriptive-analytic method and completed by a simple random sampling questionnaire among 384 households living in Tehran. This research was carried out in order to answer the existence of a significant relationship between factors such as environmental pollution, social issues, economic factors and the decision of residents of Tehran to leave the city. Using statistical methods and independent model of attributes, analyzing the data was done at two descriptive and inferential levels. And the results show that environmental pollution and social issues are effective in the decision of residents of Tehran to leave Tehran metropolis and economic factors do not have a meaningful relationship with this issue.

Unbalancing  and inequality in the settlement system and the need for regional development and equilibrium have given rise to increasing attention to middle cities as one of the global strategies. In this regard, it is necessary to assess the role and performance of these cities. The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the role and performance of Babol  city in the spatial development of Mazandaran province. The research method is descriptive-analytic with an objective purpose. Documentary and library methods have been used to collect data. In order to analyze the data, quantitative methods and models such as demographic models (entropy coefficient and traction coefficient), economic models (spatial coefficients and share change model), and intrusion model (separation point theory) have been used. The results of the study show that Babol has been able to play a role in the demographic balance of the region, so that without this city, regional inequalities will increase. On the other hand, the evaluation of economic performance also indicates that the city has a strong service role and can be effective in the development and economic balance of the province. Also, the study of the penetration of the city of Babol shows that the city has devoted a significant part of its services to the sphere of influence. Overall, the results of this study show that the city of Babol as a middle town in the province can contribute to the coherence of spatial development in Mazandaran prov.

The purpose of this study was to measure the quality of life in Tehran's 6th district using the mental indices. These indicators have been evaluated in terms of three economic, physical, environmental and cultural-social domains. The research method was descriptive-analytic. The statistical population in this study was residents of the 6th district of Tehran. The sampling was done randomly and for estimating sample size, Cochran formula with 95% probability was used. The sample size was 383 people. Questionnaire was used to collect data. For this reason, in this research, in order to achieve the correct judgment, 10 indicators have been used in three areas of economic, physical, environmental and socio-social. The results of the research show that citizens' satisfaction with urban quality of life in area 6 is in poor condition and access and transportation indicators with a beta of 234%, service facilities index with beta of 172% and aesthetic index with a beta of 167% are the most effective indicators on the quality of urban life. According to the results, there is a significant relationship between personal characteristics (age, sex, educational level) and quality of life, and the level of satisfaction of women with quality of life is higher than that of men, which increases the quality of life by increasing the level of education. Also, between the two variables, age and quality of life, relationships are meaningful and reversible, so that by increasing the age, quality of life decreases.

The diversification of economic activities as a fundamental strategy generates employment, population stabilization, optimal utilization of renewable natural resources, the active entry of rural economy into national and international economies, increasing production and savings, increasing self-awareness, personality and individual and national identities and ... In Villages; so it has been emphasized by international organizations in developed and developing countries.; thus, identifying the capabilities, and capacities of different rural areas and providing appropriate activity to that area / village in order to prioritize and promote The desirable model of diversification of its economic activities is essential for the purpose of this study. To this end, the present study is conducted using a descriptive-analytical method to identify the capabilities and capacities of rural areas in the cities of Guilan province regarding the types of agricultural activities and conversion and complementary industries in rural areas. Required information in order to describe and analyze the situation has been obtained from official and registered data such as General Agricultural Census 2014, Statistical Yearbook of Guilan Province, 2014, data of the Jihad Agricultural Organization of Guilan Province and .... Then by using different models such as spatial coefficient, specialized index and spatial continuity technique, the capacity that has the highest advantage in a city relative to other cities is introduced for that city, and finally, the proposed model based on the clusters of activity ( The conversion and complementary industries, the cluster of handicrafts, the cluster of tourism activities, the cluster of agronomy diversification, the diversifying cluster of garden activities (at the regional / city level) is presented. In general, the results indicate that the province of Gilan is moderate due to the concentration and diversity of agricultural conversion and supplementary agriculture. The specialized index for the cities of Bandar Anzali and Siahkal, Amlash and Talesh respectively was 33.85, 42.2, 42.5, 49.52, , indicating the diversity of rural industrial activities in these cities. Also, the results of calculated La value also indicate that there is a high correlation (La = 84.45) between the crop area and the number of conversion and complementary industries in the rural areas of Guilan province. This association in relation to the area of ​​horticultural products and the number of related and complementary processing industries is equal to (La = 60.62), as well as between the number of livestock and the number of related and complementary industries in the rural areas of Guilan province at an average and equivalent level (La = 57.39).

The quality of urban life is the social, physical, spatial, and economic conditions of the urban environment, which indicates the level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction of citizens with the urban environment. This concept has been developed from the 60s and 70s, with a view to refining the concept of development, from a purely quantitative and economical development to sustainable urban development. Today, in cities, the old and worn-out texture is among the urban areas that have caused unsustainable urban development and reduced citizens' satisfaction from urban environments. The core of the ancient city of Amol, which is the origin of the city, has been exhausted due to passing of time, which has caused the situation to cause problems for citizens. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to measure the quality of life index in the worn out tissue and also in Amol city and compare these results with each other and to analyze the impact of socioeconomic factors on the quality of life of Amol citizens. For this purpose, 350 questionnaires were distributed among households in Amol city and the same number of questionnaires distributed in Amol city. To test the hypotheses, T-test and correlation were used in SPSS software. The results of these tests indicate that the city's quality of life component in the medium to high and the urban texture in this index is below the average and average of the city and there is a significant difference between the overall mean of quality of life between the two situations. Independent T-test results also show that the mean difference in the social and physical component is significant in both the position of the worn texture and Amol area, in contrast to the difference between the mean of economic quality.

Pedestrian movement is one of the most important aspects of human presence in urban spaces, which causes the dynamics of these spaces and also increases their social role. Nowadays, with the gradual dominance of the ride on urban spaces and roads that have violated pedestrian traffic and the increase of air and noise pollution, the safety of pedestrians is increasingly being noticed. In this regard, the purpose of the present study is to Measure the Safe Walking around Arg Square of the Kerman city with Emphasis on the Dynamism of Urban Space. Research methodology is descriptive-analytical based on field method. The statistical population of the study consists of pedestrians and inhabitants of the territory of the Arg square that in a random sample were selected, 284 pedestrians and residents per week and 30 specialists as Sample size. The reliability of the data was calculated by Cronbach's test of 818/0. To analyze the data, one-sample t-test was used and the DEMATEL model was used to prioritize the significance score and the effect of the indices. The results of one-sample t-test for measuring the usefulness of a safe walking in the urban dynamics index indicate that there is a significant difference between the base limit (3) and the calculated value (2/28). Also, the results of the DEMATEL model show that among the indicators that affect the Safe Walking around the Arg Square, Safety and security index has highest interaction with 8.852 and charm and vitality index has minimum interaction with 8.712, safety and security index with the value of 1.586 is the most effective factor and social activity index with -1.241 is the most influential factor.

In the near past, neighborhoods in the cities have identity and is inductor a sense of place belonging to their inhabitants. But in parallel with the scattered development based on purely physical and economic goals, gradually, the physical boundaries of the neighborhood has disappeared and it has been deprived of the identity element. One of the social goals of urban smart growth is to enhance social interactions and increase the sense of belonging in neighborhood units.The present study  has been done With the aim of investigating the impact of smart urban growth on reinforcement of neighborhood identity . The study area is four neighborhoods:Taymoori, Daryannow, Towhid and Tarasht in the Two district municipality in Tehran. The research is descriptive-analytic and data has been gathered in two ways: a survey questionnaire and documents . In this way, firstly a sample size of 383 Persons has been  randomly selected among residents of four neighborhoods. The questionnaire data has been analyzed using statistical tests and by using SPSS software. As well as 32 indicators related to smart growth have been collected through official statistics and has been calculated and analyzed using the model VICORE . The results show that the total average score of neighborhood identity is moderate and score Environmental Quality  (smart growth) is at a level lower than average. From  the studied areas, only the Timurid neighborhood with an mean of 3.26 is more than average and  the other three neighborhood are lower than average. The results of the VICORE model also indicate that Timurid area is superior to the intelligent growth indices. Another result of this research is the existence of a significant positive relationship between the mean of intelligent growth rate and local identity.

Housing as a human need is introduced as a complex category and it has diverse dimensions, but nowadays, the limited resources of the government and rapid increasing of demand for housing does not provide housing for all members of society. Hence, the framework of national development goals, especially the prioritized economic and social goals specifies the housing share of low-income groups.The largest government's plan to provide housing, “Mehr Housing” considers paying attention to the determining role of the land price in housing prices and the action to eliminate this variable, controlling the price of housing in this way, and facilitating access of vulnerable people to suitable housing, but it has ignored a set of key issues. The main objective of this paper is to analyze and determine their causes and impacts on residential satisfaction in Ghorghi housing projects.This research applies an analytical-descriptive method and data collection tools are documentary and field studies through completion of the questionnaire and interviews. Also, Regression analysis were used. The results show that  Ghorghi Mehr Housing has not reached transferring stage yet despite the time and money spent. It has many problems which had been very effective on the contacts satisfaction. The results of the survey show that residential satisfaction variables, changing gender explain a greater impact on residential satisfaction