نشریه آموزش پزشکی
سال هفتم شماره 1 (پاییز و زمستان 1397)

Setting “accountable education” as a method in medical education has gotten increasing attention. Planning a qualified curriculum in Persian Medicine education in order to achieve sufficient educational quality is possible by the means of collecting data, evidence and exploring the available references and documenting the findings. The goal of this brief report is to study and evaluate the common used teaching methods in education, evaluation and the content of the most outstanding scientists teaching Persian Medicine along many centuries such as “Hippocrates”, “Galen “, “Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi” and “Avicenna” Razes believes that books such as the Al-Murafi Hippocrates book and Julian's books on the types of fevers and attacks, the various medicines and the time of illness, and at what stage each disease is, and the nature, the crisis, how to deal with acute diseases by the means of nutrition, The signs and symptoms of illness, immediate remedies and temperament and pulse are among the first books to be taught and are essential for students. He also recommends that physicians are best to be familiar with most of the resources available of their field of work. Studies show that the student was obliged to deepen his knowledge by the means of discussion under the guidance of his high-level navigator. Acquiring the skills and abilities of a physician was achieved by reading more books and evaluation by the professors. It can be stated that nobody makes it to being a great physician without undergoing repeated tests and experiments.
The most common educational methods used consist of: Sequential instruction, priority training academic and practical training.

The aim of this study was to investigate and determine the strategies for studying and learning and factors affecting them in dental students of Babol University of Medical Sciences in order to evaluate the students' study and learning skills while entering university. This analytical-descriptive study was carried out in 2017 using dental students' opinions of Babol University of Medical Sciences by a questionnaire was comprised of two parts (the first part included demographic information and the second part containing 80 questions in 10 categories). For data analysis, SPSS software was used to comparing mean score between various categories and questions and in each of them in term of demographical variables by parametrical compare mean tests include of repeated measurement, independent t-test, and analysis of variances (ANOVA) and multiple comparisons. The significance level was considered less than 0.05. Of the 137 participants, 46% (63 men) and 54% (74 women) had a mean age of 22.62 ± 3.19. The highest score was for the skill group with a mean of 3.2 ± 0.39 and the lowest score for the group of will with a mean of 3.12 ± 0.37. The difference between the average score obtained between the skill group and the will and self-regulation groups were significant (P= 0.017 and P= 0.022 respectively). According to the results of this study and the obtained scores by the participants which were often in the midrange of acceptable scores (1 to 5), students in most categories of study strategies and learning could be considered weak. Therefore initial assessment while entering the university, monitoring, and continuing education should be provided by the universities' educational development centers to maintain and enhance the level of the categories during the study period.

In this analytical, cross-sectional study, 60 undergraduate anesthesia students of Medical Sciences Faculty of shahrekord that were selected by the census sampling method participated. For data collection, a two-part questionnaire including demographic characteristics and a 710-item evaluation was used. The validity of the questionnaire was determined through the face and content validity with the help of 10 professors and the reliability of this tool was measured 0.83, by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was done using SPSS 16 software and descriptive statistics The results of this study showed that the average age of participants was 21.73±0.85 years. In the courses of principles and methods of anesthesia, the principles of pain management, medical emergencies, intensive care, the highest percentage of students' skill in transferring patients from the bed and stretcher69.8%, existing methods for control Chronic and acute pain, 13.2%, preparation of the tools and equipment needed to perform CPR8 / 80%, have the principles of airway clean up in critical cases 65.4%. The results of this study showed that the average age of participants was 21.73±0.85 years. In the courses of principles and methods of anesthesia, the principles of pain management, medical emergencies, intensive care, the highest percentage of students' skill in transferring patients from the bed and stretcher69.8%, existing methods for control Chronic and acute pain, 13.2%, preparation of the tools and equipment needed to perform CPR8 / 80%, have the principles of airway clean up in critical cases 65.4%. Anesthesia students have evaluated their skills in high-level at anesthetic principles and moderate in intensive care course and less in pain management lessons. It is suggested that in the future studies this method of evaluation is compared with other methods.

Professional behaviors and communication skills residents in the traditional by faculty members evaluated, while one of the best ways to assess attitudes and behaviors is to ask people who are continually working in the workplace with residents have connection, 360- degree assessment in order to evaluate the performance of the clinical residents, a wide range of skills using multiple monitors Includes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate communication skills and interpersonal support of the ENT students of the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences using the 360-degree method. This is a descriptive-analytic study that all ENT residents (15 people) were educated in educational in Shiraz in 2017. Questionnaires have used the performance of the residents ( including questionnaires of faculty members of the "peer" medical colleagues, nurses' cohorts, self-assessment, and patient) were prepared and adjusted. The validity of the questionnaire confirmed by experts of medical education and the reliability of the questionnaire was obtained after a preliminary study (r=0.92). the findings were then analyzed using SPSS16 software using descriptive statistics and T-test and Pearson correlation coefficient was analyzed in p≤0.05. The results showed that the mean score of the evaluation scores by the assistants themselves (48.33±9.99), counterparts (52.01±5.13) and professors (66.12±5.22) the highest and the average of the patient (13.2±23.32) & nurses (31.2±6.86) was the lowest. The results indicate that the evaluation should not be limited to a group of contacts, but for a more comprehensive assessment, it is necessary to involve different groups in the evaluation process.

Considering the history and semiotics of diseases, especially significant in the viewpoint of ancient Iranian physicians in traditional medicine as well as in traditional medicine, and it is one of the first doctrines and first teachings of scholars and professors to medical students. Comparing his point of view shows a common point about how to deal with the patient and how to describe patients are among the first and most basic training and important step in the correct diagnosis, without is commonly used in paraclinical methods. The purpose of this study is to determine the viewpoints of traditional medicine in Iran and its current state in current medicine. In the present article, after reviewing the main sources of traditional medicine and common medicine, the results of the comparative study that as traditional medicine is important attention to the obtaining history and physical examination of patients. Traditional medicine and contemporary medicine, has also devoted to its role incorrect diagnosis and proper treatment and devised new methods and approaches to make, it works better and more efficiently. The criteria for the entry of resources into the research of books in the field of traditional medicine such as law, Kamel al-Sinaah, Khofi alayi, al-Mansouri ... and in the current medical practice of physical examinations of Bits and ... were also related articles However, with the arrival of clinical and paraclinical facilities, attention to histories and physical examinations has lost its importance in comparison with the past. In this article, we have tried to compare the view of the two medicine with an emphasis on physical examinations and history of the patient.

The ability to study correctly has the greatest effect on academic performance of students. Specially for the university students it is important to learn the ability to obtain a good strategy and method to study, so they can make the most of their time and resources because it effects directly on their performance. The main purpose of this study was to determine relationship between the students' skills of Babol University of Medical Sciences and their academic status at the university. This study is analytical descriptive study. This study which has been done in 2017 among 193 students of Babol University of Medical Sciences, 167 were enrolled. Data were collected using Congos´ Study Skills Inventory (SSI) including six subscales. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to study the quantitative variables. Independent t-test was performed using SPSS software version 20 for multiple comparison between groups. it was found that the variety of reading methods in married people was significantly higher than singles (p=0.01) , but no significant difference was found between study skills in single and married students (p>0.05). T-test result shows study skill and other variables was not significant between two gender. The result showed that study skills had a direct correlation with the students' academic scores in each semester (p=0.02 , r=0.22) But other variables, such as age and high school grades and two previous semesters, did not show any relationship with study skills (p>0.05). The results of this study showed that most of the students at the school of Dentistry of Babol University of Medical Sciences had moderate and weak study skills. These results shows that proper education and study skills in students is so important that scientists should focus more on these skills.

The goal of clinical training in Medical education is achievement the minimum skills expected of medical graduates. In order to educate capable, responsible and responsive to community needs graduates, in addition to clinical course examinations & assessments it seems necessary to asses of clinical competence at the end of the internship. The aim of this study was to Evaluate Medical Intern's Competence Based on Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) in Babol Medical University of Sciences in 2016. This Cross-sectional study was conducted on 28 of senior students of Babol University of Medical Sciences to evaluate their clinical competence in 2016. The test includes 15 stations (8 Question was essential and 5 questions was nonessential) that was designed based on the instructions of the Ministry of Health & Medical and Education. The test's reliability and validity was determined by the expert panel. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 21) and using descriptive and analytic statistics and independent t-test, paired t-test, Pearson coefficient. P<0.05 was considered significant. the acquired mean score by participants was 15.81±0.93. The Students has been achieved the highest mean score in both eyes (20) and internal diseases (19.07±1.01) stations. They received the lowest mean score in gynecology station (11.68± 2.9). More than 50% of students had been in the poor to moderate rang Neurological & health stations. Pearson correlation coefficient showed significant relationship between the mean score & the average score of students before the pre-internship course. (p<0.05)(r= 0.49), while this test showed no significant relationship between mean score and age (P> 0.05). T-test showed significant relationship between in two group's essential & non-essential station. (p<0.05) According to acquired scores in neurology, Health & gynecology stations that has been in the poor to moderate rang, attention to educational facilities such as holding clinical educational workshops, further use of the Clinical Skills Lab as well as taking advantage of educational videos and practice under supervision seems to be necessary to achieve educational goals

Today, university professors are one of the most important factors in the education. One of the most routine ways to determine the criteria is opinion polls from students. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of a good capable teacher from the viewpoints of the students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. In this cross-sectional study during 2017-2018, a descriptive-analytic study was carried out on 371 students of dental, medical and pharmaceutical schools of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. For data gathering, a questionnaire with twenty four items that consisted of four sections (scholarship, teaching method, personal character and communication skill) was approved. The content validity index for the whole questionnaire was calculated to be 0.78. In order to assess the reliability of the test, one weekly test was performed on a pilot group of 30 participants and the reliability of the questionnaire was determined. Intra-group correlation coefficient was 0.857 Internal consistency based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.81.The questionnaire was in the form of a Likert questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed by Chi-Square test, independent t-test and one-way ANOVA by SPPS ver.16. 348 students were completed and returned the questionnaires. (93.8% participation). The mean and standard deviation of students' age in the study were 21.3 ± 3.42. Based on the viewpoint of the male students "mastery of the teaching lesson" and "teaching method" with 96.24% and 92.48%, respectively were important criteria. The important criteria for a good teacher due to female students viewpoint were "mastery of the teacher was taught" and “eloquence” respectively 96.96% and 88.94%. Significant difference between male and female students’ point of view about "personal character" and "communication ability" observed. (P value was 0.023 and 0.041, respectively) But there was no significant difference in "teaching method" and "scholarship" (P value <0.05). The mean of total score of female students’ questionnaire was significantly higher than that of male students. Despite the alignment in the results of some cases in both sexes, however, desirable features of university teachers can be analyzed from a variety of dimensions. It should be noted that the characteristics of a capable teacher are not necessarily the same for different levels of education and gender. Therefore, it is suggested that this topic to be considered in the educational planning of the faculties.