نشریه تحقیقات تمثیلی در زبان و ادب فارسی
پیاپی 28 (تابستان 1395)

When we search the mystic literature, we reach at a central point called "affection". It is presumed that from the 6th century, the didactic poetry has been inseparable from that of the Mystic one. Attar believes in simultaneity of love and affection with tribulation. He believes that difficulties and tribulations have a constructing role in the perfection route, and sincere lover should recognize them and conduct well facing them. One of the salient features of Atar's poem style in his allegorical work, Manteque-ul- Teir, is his unique use of pain concept. He believes that pain is the motivating force for the wayfarer in the perfection route, and is the preparatory need for behavior. In this study having defined and clarified the meanings of "Affection" and "tribulation" the simultaneity of these two concepts in the works of Atar Neishaburi was studied and some expressions of simultaneity of affection and tribulation were mentioned.

Animals have always played important roles in the lives of men, to the extent that, they have sometimes received considerable attentions, and have been considered sacred and mythological creature. Cow has been considered as one of the most useful animals that from beginnings of civilization, throughout the world, has been important to men, and has been included in the ancient deities. Shahnameh has been the manifestation of Iranian generations, culture, and literature, paying special attention to myths and beliefs in Iran. In this article, an attempt is made to study allegorical and mythological aspects of cow, as depicted in Shahnameh. In processing the epics and stories of Shahnameh, Ferdowsi has used the myths of this animal by pointing at the allegoricalfeatures attributed to this animal.

The structure of traditional society in Iran and Arab states, their values, and cultures have helped shape the social situation of women. The women are forced in these societies to lead isolated lives, far from the social life. Forough Farokhzad from Iran and Ghada al-Samman from Syria are two poets who antagonized the patrimonalist traditions and raised their voice against discrimination and oppressions of women in the male dominated Persian and Arab societies. A compresion between Forough and Ghada, as two protest poets who have aimed their critical views against the false beliefs in their societies, is emerged here.

Masnavi Manavi, as the great ocean of knowledge, is an excellent educational work in which allegory is a rhetorical ploy and its only purpose is not storytelling itself, but the transfer of deeper meanings and messages has foremost importance. The rhetorical ploy (allegory) because of influence and persuasion features has a very high application. Masnavi Manavi is an obvious and typical sample of allegorical work that Moulavi due to the type of work has taken steps in making the path of desired mental complex concepts more clearly and sometimes taken advantages of bringing anecdotes in the heart of each other to transfer these concepts easier.In the following study, we are about to analyze and consider different layers of allegory, one of the anecdotes of the sixth book entitled "the story of the lover who came at night in the hope of beloved's promise that had mentioned".

The purpose of this article is the study of the element of parable in the poems of Nader Naderpoor; it is based on the M A thesis entitles: A Study of rhetorical and expression techniques in Naderpoor’s collection of Poems. A part of this article has focused on the element of parable. An attempt is made in this article to find out the ways through which Naderpoor has used parables in his work. What are his parables based on? What are the sources used by him? These are the questions, the author intends to answer. This article is library based and descriptive.

This chirpy poet has proceeded to make use of Aesthetic elements to create mental images and symbols in flowers and plants. The most important literary element in Saeb’s poems is parable, that establishes an equation of metaphorical relationship. Accordingly, a hemistich should be reasonable; other important elements found in Saeb Tabrizi’s poem is, paradox, opacity, parables, and metonym. Ultimately, an attempt is made in this article to show that Saeb in his sonnets has been innovative in expression. He has createed beautiful and new themes establishing relationship between man and nature.

This paper studies Zarvani religion in the epic textbook Kooshnameh written by Iranshah (Iranshan) bin Abal-kheir. Zarvan, the god of time, is of popular ancient Persian religions and its concepts and philosophy have been reflected vastly in the Persian literatures, in particular epic texts. In this textby means of context analysis method, first we will briefly introduce Zarvanismand then we will investigatethe Zarvan corresponding concept based on several related verses from the Kooshnameh. We will show that Zarvan is represented widely in the Kooshnameh in two aspects of 'Time' and 'Sky'. 'Time' is appeared as restricted time and unlimited time such as day and night; destiny and fate; and dark face of inevitable death. 'Sky' is also denoted as stars of destiny, astrology, and deterministic fate.