نشریه مطالعات معنوی
پیاپی 6 (زمستان 1391)

In Islamic mysticism, Human being has a prominent position and it makes him so distinctive from other creatures. By having the capacity of God's names, he is a Creator of the universe which is a mirror of the full image of God and hence, he alone shows all the perfections that Allah has concerning to his names. Other creatures that do not have the integrity are just some of the manifestation of perfection. However, due to the existence of man and his ability to reach the highest rank, he goes on as far as the meeting, however, he finds himself in the mirror for the fact he is so right. The meeting takes place at the far end of evolutional movement in which all numerous adjectives will be destructed and essentially eliminated. In this position, there is only one essence and truth (just right) as a mystic, and his witnesses is depend on the capacity of human existence, so it is believed that he is the right mirror of God. On the other hand, a man of integrity above includes the headband of all creatures so he has the character of the Caliphate on other creatures. By this character, I mean the Caliphate man of God, there is a bi-directional relationship between God and man and it defined a different relationship between humans and other creatures. Man with devotion and obedience to God is where God gives him his successor over the creatures of God's grace and through His will.

This paper deals with aspects of convergence or divergence between science and spirituality. Relationship or separation between science and spirituality is an issue that had been important in the past, and it is also a source of great debate among scholars in our time. The method of this study is considered as a descriptive – analytic one. Due to a conflict at all levels of the spiritual, intellectual and material in the world, We face whit a divergence between science and spirituality. Divergence of science and spirituality arises from differences in the understanding of the fact, since science is limited to empirical facts but in spirituality there is some transcendent reality beyond the physical dimensions. In the aspect of convergence between these two categories, providing a new definition of science and spirituality are necessary for being effectiveness in all aspects of human life. For instance, science whit a rational explanation and spirituality whit sacred assumptions, providing awareness of common whit a convergent approach to these two issues, they can help human to achieving to inner peace. In this context, by using the components of spiritual intelligence such as sublime and solving the issues of spirituality in the context, a convergence between spirituality and science can be provided. The results of this study call for new definition of science and spirituality and spiritual intelligence to create a convergence between the two categories.

"You can see the crisis of meaning in the backgrounds of new Religious Movements. The upside layer of the crisis lies on new spirituality which is a kind of prattle with empty knowledge bases and its underlay is globalization in the dominion of culture and religion. "This paper will attempt to review Religious Movements as a product of globalization in the dominion of spirituality. in this paper, the researcher more or less is inevitable to note that all - or the vast majority – Movement's elements are at the heart of globalization and in the accelerating process of globalization appeared. Therefore, it should be stated that the "new movement that depends on the process of globalization" have emerged to overcome the identity crisis of meaning. The prominent symbol or the full sample of this is the Parliament of World Religions. Therefore, the author's first speak is about the nature of movements and causes of them, then he discusses about the dimensions of globalization and, and ultimately refers to the close relationship between "globalization of spirituality", "crisis of meaning and identity" and "welcoming and appearance of new movements".

Among the features that have attracted researchers of new religious studies, the leaders and advocate's positions on the two issues of religious faith and intellect or in other words sense of reason and religion is so controversial. The history of human thought in general and the history of philosophy and religion, in particular, is full of diverse thinkers and East or West philosopher's ideas about the place and the validity or reliability of reason and law, and the provisions of the so-called intellectual and religious. Some of these works talk about reason and law independently and some survey the relationship of these two objects, and also some most importantly, discuss the status of them and compared them with each other and discuss the serious exploration of their influence. Undoubtedly, the role of reason and religion in the lives of all human beings and especially pious is so serious and significant and therefore the attention back to these two categories from religious and new spirituals perspective emphasizes the importance of them in contemporary religious studies. Paulo Coelho and Osho,s perspectives as two leaders of new religious movement about law of reason, by having a critical approach based on spiritual teachings and principles of Islamic mysticism, shows religious separatist thinking and social domination indicate in their attitude.

Extremes in methods of spiritual ways is a sign for digression of schools of spirituality. One instance of such extremes which has sensitive positions in these schools is the subject of women and marriage. This paper aims to demonstrate that Islamic mysticism laying on teachings of Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) has taken a just and sublime approach to women and marriage. However, most schools of spirituality which were before Islam, such as Christian monasticism and also some new spiritual movements, had been fall in extremes, having marital problems and wastage in many rituals in this regard.

Love is one of the major teachings and fundamental issues in the world of mysticism. It has long been considered by the experts of religion and spirituality as well as the main them emerging from new mystical schools and has always paid attention to. Mystics and Mysticism naturally have different definitions of love; because the definition of Mystics about love and its various functions depends on some complex factors such as, position of the person spoken to, position of knowledge that is for the person, their religious norms and cultural community. Osho and Paulo Coelho have certain beliefs about the subject of love. More stories Coelho has focused on heterosexual love and the rest is owned by the temporal. The love that Osho considers and promotes or respect, not belongs to anything, it is so absolute and opaque. According to his view Love has no direction and refers to nobody.

"Reincarnation" is related to the subject of resurrection, and because of that is so important to Islamic philosophy and theology and therefore Muslim philosophers and theologians. With regard to long history of reincarnation before Islam, among other religions and races, but has always been an issue of controversy and scrutiny. Even in modern times, due to changes in the methods and theories of modern philosophy and modern theology, this issue is more controversial in proving or rejecting because human mind does not accept stagnation intrinsically. Therefore, it is necessary to survey this issue by resorting analytically verses, traditions and human reason to explain it further to becomes apparent facts on the human thinkers. The major issue that arises in reincarnation, is that how to remain rational soul of man after death?The transfer of the soul in the material world is reincarnation and is known for its variety of forms, such as abrogation, Metamorphosis and termination. Reincarnation's advocates are also in different groups. Because each group have his own interpretation of reincarnation and the transfer of rational soul in the material world and because each group accept a particular type of transfer, presented particular evidence to prove his claim. It should be noted that most these groups, reject the Transfer of animal Soul to human body because human body is seeking a transcendental soul according to the temperament. Ancient philosophers - including Plato – have presented some verification reasons to the acceptance of reincarnation. Reasons which offered by religious believers about reincarnation include arguments and empirical evidence. In this regard, it is necessary to consider the sages and philosophers of the past, according to the norms of theoretical reason to scrutiny. The main ideas of the ancients, are the ideas which had been offered by the Peripatetic philosophers, and illuminated them - followers of Transcendental Wisdom - in Islamic philosophy.The purpose of this policy, I just focus on the subject of reincarnation, it pays to put on the views of Suhrawardi. He discussed about reincarnation in several books such as Hekmat-ol-eshragh, Partonameh, Emadi tablets, Moghavemat, Moshare and Motarhat, under discussion deals with the resurrection. His previous books discuss about ancient views about reincarnation and carefully examined them. He rejected reincarnation like Peripatetic philosophers in all his books, except Talvihat. However his comment about reincarnation is not clear in Talvihat.