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Poultry Science Journal - Volume:6 Issue: 1, Winter-Spring 2018

Poultry Science Journal
Volume:6 Issue: 1, Winter-Spring 2018

  • 112 صفحه،
  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/02/10
  • تعداد عناوین: 10
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  • Oloyo A. Pages 1-9
    There is a gap between the population growth and protein supply in many tropical countries where per capita income is low and the majority of people consume less protein than a daily standard for recommended protein intake. Poultry egg production remains the fastest route to bridging the protein demand-supply gap in these regions. However, poultry are faced with heat stress in the tropics which is deleterious to health and productive performance of laying and meat production. In addition, the problem limits dietary protein supply in the affected countries. The harmful effects of heat stress may be alleviated if attention is paid to sources of heat generation in the design and construction of the open poultry houses. This review discusses the internal climatic conditions of the poultry houses, how the birds respond to them, and their implications on heat management for poultry production. Hence, this paper provides pertinent information for guidance on parameters for open poultry houses architectural design that ensures optimum climatic conditions that will alleviate heat stress problem in poultry production in hot and humid climate.
    Keywords: Heat stress, Laying hen, Poultry house design, Hot, humid climate
  • Soleimani Roudi P., Golian A. *, Bassami Mr, Haghparast Ar, Majidzadeh Heravi R Pages 11-18
    Current vaccination strategies for commercial poultry using live attenuated and inactivated Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines have some limitation and difficulties, and new vaccines with distinct features are needed. Recently, in ovo vaccination technology is concerned as a safe, efficacious, and convenient method. Common ND vaccines used in chickens cannot be employed in ovo due to embryo toxicity and high early mortality. One of the agents that may lead to attenuate ND virus (NDV) strains is aluminum hydroxide (AH) as an adjuvant. The objective of this study was to evaluate AH ability to attenuate NDV for in ovo administration of commercial pullets. Three hundred sixty fertile eggs of a Bovans strain as a factorial arrangement of six doses of the ND vaccine (50% egg infectious (EID50) of 0, 102, 103, 104, 105, and 106) with or without AH were ordered into 12 groups. At 18 d of incubation 0.1 mL of the inoculums was injected into the amniotic fluid of eggs. On the farm, each treatment group was further subdivided into two groups and one of these groups received ND-B1 vaccine on day seven post-hatch. Lowest hatchability was recorded in groups vaccinated with doses of 105 and 106 EID50. On day 21, the highest hem agglutination inhibition (HI) was detected for group vaccinated with dose 102 EID50. Furthermore, hatchability and ND-HI titer were found to be up for pullets received AH in ovo on day 42 posthatch. The results of this study indicated that aluminum hydroxide as an adjuvant could significantly improve hatchability and immune efficacy of pullets when used in ovo. Further, lentogenic VG/GA strain-Avinew will have the potential for application as in ovo vaccine against Newcastle disease, if the vaccine is prepared with sufficient dose.
    Keywords: Avinew, Adjuvant, Hatchability, Aluminum hydroxide
  • Ahmadipour B. *, Khajali F., Sharifi Mr Pages 19-24
    This study evaluates the effects of different levels of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) supplement on growth performance and gut morphology in broilers (Ross 308 strain) raised at high altitude (2100 m). A total of 300 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308 strain) were used in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicate pens of 15 birds in each. Five dietary treatments were prepared by supplementing GAA at 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g/kg to corn-soy based diet and fed to broilers from 1 to 42 days of age. Results indicated that weight gain and feed:gain ratio was significantly improved in the chickens when GAA was supplemented to control diet. Carcass and breast yields were significantly increased by GAA supplementation at 1 g/kg relative to the control. On the other hand, dietary inclusion of GAA significantly (P
    Keywords: Broiler, Performance, Guanidinoacetic acid, Intestinal morphology
  • Widodo Ae, Nolan Jv, Akter M., Oneill Hm, Iji P. * Pages 25-40
    A total of 384 day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were allocated to 8 dietary treatments to examine the influence of supplementation with xylanase and phytase, individually or in combination, in diets based on two new cultivars of triticale (Bogong and Canobolas). The inclusion of phytase alone in either Bogong or Canobolas diets increased (P
    Keywords: Triticale, Phytase, Intestine, Xylanase, Broiler Chickens
  • Widodo Ae, Nolan Jv, Akter M., Oneill Hm, Iji P. * Pages 41-50
    The microbial profiles and activities of microbes in the digesta from chickens on diets containing Bogong or Canobolas with or without inclusion of microbial enzymes were investigated on the 384 day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens. There was a reduction in population of C. perfringens (P
    Keywords: Triticale, Phytase, Xylanase, Broiler chicken, Microbial profiles
  • Sugiharto S., Yudiarti T., Isroli I., Widiastuti E Pages 51-62
    This study investigated the responses of low-weight day-old chicks to zinc bacitracin and Bacillus mixture on growth performance, hematology, intestinal selected microbiota populations, and carcass characteristics. A total of 192 unsexed Lohman MB-202 day-old broiler chicks were randomly allotted to four dietary treatment groups of 48 chicks each (6 replicates of 8 chicks) and fed for 35 days. The four treatments were CONT (basal diet without supplementation), AGP (basal diet with 0.04% zinc bacitracin), PROB (basal diet supplemented with 0.5% Bacillus mixture), and PROBc (basal diet supplemented with 0.5% Bacillus mixture and 0.04% zinc bacitracin). There were no significant differences in final body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio of broilers. The relative weight of thymus was higher (P= 0.01) in AGP than that in PROB and PROBc birds. Birds in PROBc had lower (P= 0.04) values of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme compared to those in CONT and AGP groups, but the difference was not significant when compared with birds in PROB group. Serum creatinine was lower (P
    Keywords: Probiotic, In, feed antibiotic, Multi, strains Bacillus, Low weight day, old chick
  • Nasaka J. *, Nizeyi Jb, Okello S., Katongole Cb Pages 63-70
    Quail production is steadily gaining importance in developing countries like Uganda, particularly in urban and peri-urban areas. However, inappropriate feeding practices such as using the same feed classes across different growth stagesor beyond the recommended growth stageshave been reported among quail farmers. This study evaluated the nutritional properties of quail diets used in urban and peri-urban areas of Uganda. Samples of three classes of quail feeds(starter, grower, and layer diets) were collected from quail farmers and poultry feed suppliers in Mukono, Kampala, and Wakiso districts. The samples were analyzed for crude protein (CP), ether extract, crude fiber (CF), ash, calcium, phosphorus, and gross energy contents and then metabolizable energy (ME) contents of the samples were calculated. The data were compared with the minimum dietary specifications recommended for quails in the tropics. Results revealed a high variation in the nutritional quality and that the diets did not conform to the recommended specifications.The average CPcontents of starter and grower diets from farmers (17% and 15.9%, respectively) and feed suppliers (15.7% and 16.8%, respectively) were far lower (P
    Keywords: Nutritional adequacy, Quail feeding practices, Urban, peri, urban Uganda
  • Akbari Moghaddam Kakhki R., Bakhshalinejad R., Anderson Ke, Golian A.* Pages 71-87
    Data of four layers flocks (#31-34) from North Carolina Layer Performance and Management Test of the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services were used in the meta-analysis to find if an increase in space allowance can affect egg production traits in white and brown layers. Effects of space allowance of 310 and 413 cm2/bird on layers performance were compared in this study. The increase in space allowance resulted in a significant improvement in egg production, egg mass and daily feed intake in both white and brown layers throughout the first (approximately 490-d; P
  • Houshmand M. *, Nikouzad Shahraki M., Bahreini Behzadi Mr Pages 89-97
    We determined the effects of dietary supplementation of different doses of Miswak (Salvadorapersica) steam and leaf powder on the performance, blood parameters, cecal flora, and carcass traits of broilers. Four hundred and eight one-day old Ross 308 broiler chicks were provided one of the following experimental diets over 42 days: a basal diet without any additives, or a basal diet supplemented with 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, or 0.8% Miswak powder. Four replicates of 17 birds were allocated to each treatment. Neither broiler performance (body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio) during starter (d 1-21), finisher (d 22-42), and the overall period (d 1-42) of the study, nor blood parameters (glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol) were influenced by experimental treatments (P > 0.05). Chicks fed diets containing 0.4% Miswak had higher (P 0.05). In conclusion, we found that supplementation with Miswak powder had no beneficial effects on performance and blood parameters of broilers, but could improve cecal bacteria counts at levels greater than 0.4%.
    Keywords: Cecal bacteria, Blood metabolite, Broiler performance, Herbal feed additive, Miswak(Salvadorapersica)
  • Ahmadi M. *, Ahmadian A., Seidavi Ar Pages 99-108
    The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that nano- seleniuminclusion in broilers’ diets can improve productivity and metabolic functions of broilers.Feed and water were provided ad libitum. A total of 180 one-day old male Ross 308 chicks were randomly assigned to six groups based on a completely randomized design, each with three replicates of 10 birds. One of the groups served as the control (CON) and was given a basal diet without further dietary supplementation, whereas the other five groups were offered the same starterandgrower diets further supplemented with dietary nano-selenium (NS) at 0.1 mg/kg of feed (NS1), 0.2 mg/kg of feed (NS2), 0.3 mg/kg of feed (NS3), 0.4 mg/kg of feed (NS4), and 0.5 mg/kg of feed (NS5). Nano-selenium dietary supplementation significantly improved weight gain and feed conversion ratio in starter (1st-21st day), grower (22nd-42nd day) and whole (1st-42nd) periods of experiment (P0.05). While, albumin levels in blood were decreased and anti-Newcastle disease hemagglutination-inhibition titer was increased after the dietary supplementation with the nano-selenium (P
    Keywords: Immunity, Hematology, Broiler chicken, Nano, selenium