فصلنامه برنامه ریزی توسعه کالبدی
پیاپی 10 (تابستان 1397)

Housing poverty is one of the most prominent visions of developing countries characterized by informal settlements. Such settlements are, in fact, a form of indecisiveness for the unplanned accumulation of low-income groups at the most vulnerable parts of the city, which is created entirely in an unorganized manner. Regarding the importance of housing, especially in informal settlements, the purpose of the present study is to achieve policies aimed at providing housing components at a minimum level. The applied method in this research is descriptive-analytic. Data collection was done through a documentary-field survey method. Structural equation analysis has been used for data analysis. The statistical population of the research includes managers and experts of metropolises of Ahwaz and Tabriz. The sample size was obtained by simple random sampling comprises 110 people for each of the metropolitan cities. The research findings indicate that the most important approaches to providing minimum housing in Tabriz metropolitan area are improving the quality of housing and empowerment, with the coefficients of 0.93 and 0.79 respectively. Also, in these approaches, the most influences were local community empowerment, rehabilitation and reconstruction policies with a coefficient of 0.93, 0.91 and 0.88 respectively. In the city of Ahwaz, the most important approaches to minimum housing provision are empowerment and social and supportive housing with coefficients of 0.88 and 0.81 respectively. Also, the most influential approaches are the establishment of various housing funds, the participation of the nongovernmental sector in housing construction and the empowerment of the local community with coefficients of 0.92, 0.89 and 0.83, respectively.

Urban life quality as a dynamic and multidimensional concept is one of the most important areas of urban studies in different countries focusing on all objective and non-objective aspects of life. The purpose of the present study is to determine the status of life quality index and the weaknesses and strengnesses of its criteria in the areas of Qom city. The research method was descriptive-analytic and the data gathering method was a combination of documentary and expert assistance. Then a questionnaire was designed to be completed on the field. What is being discussed in this paper is the accurate understanding of the concept of life quality and measuring citizen’s satisfaction of it in urban areas of Qom. Data analysis was performed using the ISM, FAHP and WASPAS methods. The results show that regions 1 and 4 with , were selected as the best regions. The selection, of course, was based on some factors such as high levels of regional security; easier access to public transportation; having more administrative centers, job status, better neighborhoods and the availability of appropriate cultural facilities. Also, regions 2 and 6 were selected as the worst regions due to their worse job conditions, accommodation of low-income households, inadequate access to services and stores, and disposal of sewage.

The occurred changes in rural areas along with their complex and various dimensions are considered as one of the main subjects of contemporary geography. Such changes include: 1- changes of physical vision of rural space in form of unbalanced expansion of rural settlements, farming patterns, new forms of agricultural and industrial facilities; 2- subtle social changes in form of discontinuity of social cohesion, cooperation, social order and calmness; 3- rural statistics changes in form of agricultural employment, number of households, and number of migrants. From a political viewpoint, all these changes can be considered as a threat for rural life authenticity. Using villagers’ participation and qualitative methods, the present study tries to investigate the occurred physical changes in villages of BonRoud and Julgeh division, Isfahan county. To do so, twenty seven targeted interviews were conducted. Required analysis was done based on the basic theory. The results indicate that some factors are involved in changes occurred in rural residency style such as: the influence of urban culture, improvement of human capital, domination of new life-spacing patterns, and tendency of people towards welfare. Such factors have changed rural residency style towards a semi-urban one, by which physical and socio-economic changes in rural areas are happening.

Urban areas as the milestones of human societies are the engines of economic growth and social development, which ultimately lead to physical and land use changes in the cities. On the other hand, occurred changes in medical, commercial, administrative and educational land use play an effective role in job creation. A study on the relationship between these changes and employment rates along with a scenario design is an important step towards more accurate urban planning. The purpose of this study was to estimate the urban employment rates resulted from land use development in Kianpars and Kianabad neighborhoods of Ahvaz city using linear regression model. To achieve the mentioned purpose, two scenarios were considered: first scenario deals with land use development based on current trend and second scenario discusses land use development management for a decade starting from 2016 to 2026. Based on aim, the research is an applied study following a descriptive-analytical method. A documentary method is used for collecting information about theoretical foundations, and linear regression and ArcGIS software are used to analyze the data. The results indicate that all areas of the Kianpars neighborhood will grow according to the first scenario in the horizon of the plan in 2016, but in the second scenario regions 22 and 35 experience non kind of growth, and regions 24 and 29 had negative growth (2%). In the neighborhood of Kianabad, regions 40, 48 and 50 will have no growths in both scenarios. In total, it can be said that one of the main causes of employment changes in the studied neighborhoods is the increase or decrease of employment-creator land uses such as medical, commercial, educational, and administrative in the studied scenarios. However, due to the evident role of land-use changes in employment-creation, enough attention should be paid to urban land-use management of areas with high levels of employment in Comprehensive and Detailed urban plans. High concentration of these types of land-uses plays an important role in attracting the population that consequently increase traffic jam; air, sound and visual pollutions. Kianpars neighborhood is a real example of such situation.

A review of current global developments suggests that the city and urbanization have fundamentally experienced some qualitative and quantitative changes. One of the most important consequences of such changes during the recent decades is the disturbance of service system’s distribution and their concentration in a particular location. The proper management of the growing need for sport will never be possible without having enough information, tools, and modern methods in different levels of neighborhood, district, region and city. Easy and quick access to sport services, cost saving and optimal allocation of resources require scientific methods and related criteria to support the management of cities. Accordingly, the present study evaluates the spatial pattern and presents an optimal model for locating sports centers in Tehran. The research method is a combination of descriptive and analytical methods and its type is applicable. To analyze the data ArcGIS and Super Decisions software are applied. Also, Average Nearest Neighbors index, ANP model and fuzzy logic are used for analyzing the data related to locating sport spaces. The results of this study showed that according to the cluster pattern of the distribution of sports spaces in Tehran and also the lower per capita sport spaces of this city than the minimum number of inhabitants, access to these centers is not suitable in the current situation. The results of the fuzzy model showed that the situation in the central regions of Tehran is more inferior in this regard.

Governance as a new idea is replacing the concept of government. The concept of governance is based on cooperation between governments and civil societies. The fundamental principle of the concept is that instead of full responsibility for the country’s administration by the government, the citizens, private sectors, and public institutions are also responsible for running the country. In recent decades, the approach has been developed in rural areas and modern management with a focus on rural district administration and Islamic Councils is one its manifestations. The present study, using descriptive-analytical method, investigates the realization of good governance indicators in rural areas of Lenjan County. The study is a practical type and the required data was collected by documentary-field methods. The statistical society includes all the villagers in which the sample was obtained by cluster random sampling method. Accordingly, views and international experiences were studied and explored, among them eight important indicators of good governance in sample villages were tested through completion of 250 questionnaires by the heads of households. The results of applying t-test showed that good governance indicators with total mean of 3.24 have been realized less than the desired level. Specifically, the indicators of justice and equality were higher than the desired mean of the researcher (3.5), but the rest were lower than the desired level. The result of kruskal-Wallis test to compare villages’ rankings also showed that there were significant differences between villages regarding realization of good governance. The results of applying one-way analysis variance (ANOVA) also showed that regarding good governance indicators villages were significantly different.

Risk zoning is an important approach to the pre-crisis management process, which assists planners and managers to be prepared for reducing vulnerability. The key issue is the selection of vulnerability criteria and how these criteria are combined. It is also important to select the suitable model that can best illustrate the vulnerability. The city of Tabriz, from the viewpoint of size, industrial, economic, social and cultural conditions, is considered as the metropolis of northwest of the country, however, its proximity to a large and active fault has created an unfavorable condition for the city. In the present paper, using IDRISI and ArcGIS software, 15 selected criteria have been analyzed. Also, a combination of Fuzzy and AHP logic models were applied to analysis of vulnerability of urban areas and their population. The results showed that regions 10 and 1 of city municipality have the worst possible conditions respectively. Conformation of the results to the existing situation indicates the high accuracy of the chosen model for zoning the earthquake hazard.

It seems that the rate of vulnerability of urban worn out buildings, especially in metropolises, beyond the oldness of construction, is due to various social, economic, managerial, and environmental factors that need to be investigated. Therefore, any planning to deal with hazards should pay enough attentions to the mentioned factors. The present study aims at investigating the barriers affecting rehabilitation of worn out residential buildings in five regions of Urmia city. The research type is exploratory and its method is descriptive-analytic. A total of 35 indicators have been selected in order to investigate the barriers of the rehabilitation of worn out buildings. The statistical population of the study comprises 53254 heads of households living in worn-out buildings. Household’s postal codes were obtained through the Urmia municipality's sources of information. Based on simple random sampling, 383 people were selected as the sample size from the household codes using the Cochran formula. Formal validity of the questionnaire was calculated by Cronbach’s alpha formula based on oppinions of professors and experts as well as the final coefficient part of the questionnaire. Calculated Cronbach figures include 0.874 to 0.894. To complete a factor analysis, the number of variables were reduced to four significant factors namely; economic, managerial, social and environmental factors respectively. The findings showed that the economic factor with 85.7 per cent was the main barrier to rebuilding the worn out constructions in Urmia. Totaly, the four mentioned factors are capable of explaining 94.17 percent of the subject. Also, the results of the fuzzy topsis model and the spatial analysis rank regions as 1, 2, 3, 5, and 4, respectively. According to the findings, preparing and implementing the retrofitting programs with a financial support approach are necessary for the rehabilitation of Urmia worn out houses.