فصلنامه سیاست های راهبردی و کلان
پیاپی 12 (زمستان 1394)

Education is the pivot of development and evolution in society and an important tool to achieve social and economic progress of countries. The ever-increasing growth of population and increased demand for education and improving the quality and efficiency on one hand and severe restrictions of public funds and declining trend of education share of national income on the other hand leads to an imbalance between facilities’ capacity of education against numerous and diverse expectations of society and according to economy’s theories based on free market and human capital, the necessity of transferring services to the private sector would be resulted. The present article with the goal of identifying the causes, challenges, methodologies and feedbacks resulted from privatization of education in different societies deals with investigating the researches conducted in this field by case study method and a critical approach. The results show that the privatization of education in addition to reducing the pressure on government budget and more efficiency in using funds and facilities will enhance the quality of education. However, the existing different needs in developed and developing countries mean that incentives to participate in the privatization of education are different and accepted privatization form is also specific to any country and economic and demographic conditions.

This paper is aimed at evaluating the province performance in Iran based on national civil projects at the end of the fourth development planning. Therefore, by using these projects evaluation indices, published from strategic planning and control adjutancy of president, prioritizing of the province at the end of the fourth development is done. The results obtained from decision making multi criteria approach, were assessed finally by multi criteria decision making and comparative analysis. Multi criteria decision making matrix based on 6 projects evaluation indices and data from 31 provinces in Iran were gathered, and by Shanon entropy the weight of these indices for each project evaluation criteria extracted. Consequently, VIKOR method is more preferable than TOPSIS method due to Compromise solution. Based on VIKOR approach, Ilam province, Khozestan province and Khorasan Razavi province and based on TOPSIS approach Semnan province, Hamedan province and Ilam province have the highest ranks respectively.

In clause 2-7 of science and technology’s general policies, the maintenance and retention of talents is highly emphasized. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify factors affecting the retention of talents in Iranian electric industry. To do so; a qualitative research method with case study approach was used. Statistical population included academic informants and electric industry’s human resource managers and talents from whom 19 individuals were purposefully selected and profoundly interviewed. The collected qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis and the validity was confirmed through techniques such as member checking, data source triangulation and negative/deviant case analysis. Also, re-test reliability and inter-coder reliability were used to assess coding reliability. After constant review of the interviews scripts, the codes or initial concepts were derived and then similar codes were abstracted into special categories, for which a label was selected that stood for all the codes under that category. Finally, the main factors influencing the retention of talents in Iranian electric industry were identified and categorized into organizational factors, job factors and retention mechanisms.

Today, globalization is inescapable fact for all countries. Generally, there are two approaches related to globalization in economics; according to first approach globalization leads to stable economy in the developing countries, improving the economic welfare, decreasing of poverty and increasing the economic growth. In the second approach, this phenomenon leads to dispersing power and interests in these countries and as a result, increasing economic instability, poverty and economic vulnerability of these countries. In this study, the impacts of globalization on poverty in developing countries, upper and lower middle income, over the period 1990-2014 is investigated using panel data. The results show that economic, social, and political globalization and total index have negative and significant effect on increasing poverty in upper middle income countries, statistically. Furthermore, social and total index of globalization have positive and significant effect on increasing poverty in lower middle income countries while economic and political globalization do not have significant effect in these countries, statistically.

The Main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of real exchange rate volatility on Iran none oil exports to major trade partners by using quarterly data in the period of 2001:1-2014:4. For this reason, real exchange rate volatility is calculated by Generalized Auto Regressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model. Then, real exchange rate volatility effect on Iran none oil export is estimated based on gravity model and by Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) method. On the overal results indicate that, gross domestic production of Iran, gross domestic production of major trade partners has significant positive effect, on the other hand geographical distance between Iran and major trade partners, Linder variable and real exchange rate volatility has significant negative effect on Iran none oil exports to major trade partners. Therefore as expected increasing in real exchange rate volatility will decrease Iran none oil exports of Iran to Major Trade Partners.

This goal of present study is to analyze the comparative position of countries G7 and D8 countries in indicators of governance and economic freedom during the period 2000-2012. So, in the current era, economic freedom is one of the main ways to access financial resources, technological development, knowledge and management to achieve sustained and stable economic growth in the countries. Hence, countries are always searching for ways to promote more economic freedom. The results indicate that the situation developing countries D8 compared with developed countries G7 in governance and economic freedom indicators are inappropriate. According to the study results appear, countries that have been more successful in improving governance, are freer economies. Therefore, it is expected, economic politicians and decision-makers countries studied in economic planning to give particular importance to improving component of governance and provide field to improve the economic freedom index.

The main purpose of present research is to examine the impact of economic instability on Iran’s international competitiveness of the agricultural sector. In this framework, we have first measured the real exchange rate volatility by using generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model, and then we have estimated the competitiveness equation including the volatility during time period 1995-2011. The results obtained from the panel data estimations show that the economic instability has a negative and significant effect on the competitiveness of Iran’s agricultural sector. Also, according to the other results, per capita capital, the total factor productivity have a positive and significant effect, and the government size, the external shocks(financial crisis) , value added volatility and climate situation have a negative and significant effect on the competitiveness. In the framework of the obtained results, it is necessary to pay attention on the factors affecting on competitiveness and the design of a certain and appropriate strategy for the continuous export of agricultural products to prevent the instability of export and loss of market.