نشریه سیاست های راهبردی و کلان
پیاپی 20 (زمستان 1396)

Nowadays, the connection between cyberspace and the society has an effect on local and national protests and it leads to dramatic changes in official cultures. By this, we mean that social networks have become toolkits for social movements through which the protesters define and express their identity. In the absence of concrete political achievements, these movements gain access to the domain of public culture in order to emerge influential through widespread attraction of advocates. they use cyberspace and social networks to form identity interactions in the society. With the use of comparative method, This survey attempts to provide an answer to the question that how social networks and new social movements are interconnected. A study of Iran’s social and political developments of 2009 and England’s developments of 2012 reveals that new social movements with an emphasis on identity interactions try to use social networks to overcome the social authority of dominant cultural pattern, organize social movements and expand civic protests.

The aim of this paper is to examine the causal relationship between carbon dioxide emissions per capita, energy consumption per capita, gross domestic production per capita, trade openness, financial development and urban population in Iran for the 1977-2015 periods. Hence, the bounds F-test of co-integration was used to explore the relationship between above variables. The results show that elasticity of carbon dioxide emissions per capita relative to gross domestic production per capita, trade openness, energy consumption per capita and urban population is positive and to the financial development index is negative. In addition, this paper explores the causal relationship between the study variables using the error-correction model based on Granger’s causality tests. The causality test results showed that there is two-way causality between financial development and gross domestic production per capita while there is one-way causality between carbon dioxide emissions per capita and trade openness, energy consumption per capita and urban population.

According to the importance of industrial export in industry sector value added growth and its impact on prosperity and economic growth in whole economy in developing and developed countries, in this study, the industrial export-economic growth nexus is investigated in the period of 1373-1394 based on the maximum availability of data in Iran. Evaluation the impact of industrial export on industry value added growth will be done based on the panel data model by using fixed and random effect estimators. The results confirm the export-led growth hypothesis in industry sector of Iran. Also, the results of sub-sector model estimation indicate that the impact of industrial export on industrial value added growth in food industries, textile industries, chemical and rubber industries, non-metallic mineral products and machinery industries is positive and significant whereas the impact of industrial export on industrial value added growth in Wood, paper, basic metals and other industries is positive but insignificant. Exports of non-metallic mineral products industries, chemical and rubber industries and machinery industries among nine sub-sectors have the greatest impact on the value added of the industrial sector respectively during the underlying time period.

Survey of international business cycle and it's transfer of country to another country is very important and attention to business cycle synchronization that can effect to international economic relationship`s of countries. Desirable understand the impact of economic's activity of trading partners of business cycle fluctuations is important. Hence, in this study using annual information for 19 countries of MENA region and with use of pooling method for the period 1998-2014, the result of research show that the impact of trade intensity on business cycle synchronization among this countries is significant, and the effective variable on business cycle synchronization in this region are intra-industry trade and monetary policy coordination. The results suggest that this countries isn`t desirable for creation a common economic unionhe results suggest that this countries isn`t desirable for creation a common economic union.

With regard to the fact that literature of new public management has come to country’s economic literature since 1990 and in 1384, it got highlighted after the issuing of mega policies of section c of article 44 of constitutional law in order for developing non-governmental sectors via assigning government’s incumbencies. Therefore, this research is aimed at showing how much goals mentioned by new public management has been achieved in terms of performance improvement through privatization of one of important industries of Iran. In this research, 14 financial ratios have been used to measure the impact of policies of article 44 over financial performance of Tehran oil refinery company (Shahid Tondgoyan). The results show that the assigning of this company to private sector doesn’t have a significant effect on its performance during research period. While the main goals of execution of article 44 policies have been: reducing the government’s incumbencies, increasing competitiveness, productivity and efficiency of material, human and technological resources, this research shows the goals of privatization have been underachieved. In spite of assigning 90 % stock of Tehran oil refinery company (Shahid Tondgoyan) to Sahame Edalat (justice stock), It is still managed by government. So, even after its assignment, its organizational restructuring, human resources and typically management body have not undergone any specific change.

One of the most important issues in the financial economics that has long been of interest to financial economists is questions about cross-sectional variation and time variation in the risk premium. One of the ways that answer to these questions is to examine the relationship between financial markets and the macroeconomy. The purpose of this article is to examine the relationship between macroeconomic variables and stock return in Iran. For this purpose we use consumption-based capital assets pricing (CCAPM) to examine variables affecting on returns in the 18 selected industries of the Stock Exchange in Tehran. On the CCAPM model the consumption growth rate is the most important factor affecting returns. In this article the conditional CCAPM model contains variables per capita consumption growth rate, P/E (price-earnings ratio of shares) and conditional variable (coin). To introduction macroeconomic risk, is used of conditional variable, the condition variable is obtained of co-integration relation between macroeconomic variables (GDP growth rate, inflation rate, the difference between short-term and long-term interest rates). Co-integration relation between these variables is studied with Johansen method, after obtaining this condition variable as coin, is estimated the conditional CCAPM using seasonal data of 1379 to 1392. The results show that the coefficients of conditional CCAPM model are significant and in the conditional CCAPM model, in the estimated conditional CCAPM, conditional variable (representing the macro-economic risks) as well as the rate of change in per capita consumption and P/E ratio play an important role in the excess stock returns industries.

One of the most important objectives of all countries is economic development and social welfare; to achieve this aim; it is necessary to have high GDP and it requires human capital and training of experts. To train specialized manpower, higher education plays an important role and it requires investment in higher education. The aim of this paper is to study government spending as an important element of investment and expenditure on education on higher education along faculty members of higher education institutions in Iran's GDP during 1994-2014. For this purpose, we used Vector Autoregressive Models (VAR), impulse response functions and variance analysis. Results reveal that government spending on higher education in credits of cost and credits in the capital asset acquisition has a significant positive effect on GDP. Further number of full-time faculty members amends Gross Domestic Product (GDP)Keywords: Government Expenditures on Higher Education, Credit Costs, Credit Capital Asset Acquisition, Gross Domestic Product(GDP) , Vector Autoregressive Models( VAR).

The main objective of this paper is to express the positive features of renewable energy and the need to replace it with fossil fuels, especially oil. To achieve this goal, the main question is what are the most important advantages of the renewable energy considering situation of Iran. In response, it is suggested that most important advantages of these new energies are renewability, flexibility, cleanliness and creating job opportunities. New energies not only do not have the problems of fossil fuels, but also provide the sustainable development for the country. Accordingly, while dependency on oil challenging security of countries in different aspects of political, economic, social and environmental, new alternative energies provide development and sustainable security for countries. This article intends to discuss this matter in three part by aid of descriptive-analytical method. The result will show that there will not be any other alternative but to use new energy sources with renewable and clean nature in Iran.