Novelty in Biomedicine
Volume:1 Issue: 1, Winter 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine personality traits in renal patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD) and its connection to depression, anxiety, and life quality. In this study we also aim to propose an intervention for treatment and prevention of these personality traits. This cross-sectional study was performed on 70 patients affected by chronic renal failure undergoing haemodialysis treatment. Patients were selected based on an accessible sample. Required data were gathered through questioners: Hospital Anxiety and Depression, NEO-FFL, and SF-36 Health Survey. Based on the results obtained from this study 47.1% of patients undergoing HD treatment fall into the abnormal category according to the rate of depression. There is a positive meaningful correlation between conscientiousness and agreeableness and a negative correlation between extroversion, anxiety, and depression in life quality of renal patients. With respect to the correlation existing between the quality of life and the personality traits, anxiety and depression, in patients under HD treatment, life quality and treatment outcome can be improved if psychological problems are diagnosed early and psycho education and social interventions are presented.

A combination of polymeric nanofibrous scaffold and bioactive materials is potentially useful in bone regeneration applications. In the present study, Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanofibrous scaffolds, fabricated via electrospinning, were initially coated with Type I collagen and then with nano-hydroxyapatite. The prepared scaffolds were then characterized using SEM and their ability for bone regeneration was investigated in a rat critical size bone defect using digital mammography, multislice spiral-computed tomography (MSCT) imaging, and histological analysis. Electrospun scaffolds had nanofibrous structure with homogenous distribution of n-HA on collagen-grafted PLGA. After 8 weeks of implantation, no sign of inflammation or complication was observed at the site of surgery. According to digital mammography and MSCT, PLGA nanofibers coated simultaneously with collagen and HA showed the highest regeneration in rat calvarium. In addition, no significant difference was observed in bone repair in the group which received PLGA and the untreated control. This amount was lower than that observed in the group implanted with collagen-coated PLGA. Histological studies confirmed these data and showed osteointegration to the surrounding tissue. Taking all together, it was demonstrated that nanofibrous structures can be used as appropriate support for tissue-engineered scaffolds, and coating them with bioactive materials will provide ideal synthetic grafts. Fabricated PLGA coated with Type I collagen and HA can be used as new bone graft substitutes in orthopaedic surgery and is capable of enhancing bone regeneration via characteristics such as osteoconductivity and osteointegration.

Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain due to a disorder in the peripheral or central nervous system with different pathophysiological mechanisms. Current treatments are not effective. Here we compared the analgesic effect of nefopam، and morphine in chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain. Male wistar rat (150-200g، n=8) were divided into 3 different groups: 1- Saline-treated CCI group، 2- Saline-treated sham group، and 3- Drug-treated CCI groups. In CCI model of neuropathic pain، the left sciatic nerve was exposed and 4 loose chromic gut ligatures were placed around the nerve proximal to the trifurcation. Ketamine 60mg/kg and xylazine 10 mg/kg were used for anesthesia. Nefopam (10، 20، 30mg/kg)، and morphine (1، 3، 5mg/kg) were injected 30 minutes before surgery and continued daily to day 14 post-ligation. Von Frey filaments for mechanical allodynia and acetone test for cold allodynia were respectively used as pain behavioral tests. Experiments were performed on day 0 (before surgery) and days 1، 3، 5،7،10 and 14 post injury. Behavioral studies were performed in a quiet room between 9:00 to 11:00 AM. All experiments followed the IASP guidelines on ethical standards for investigation of experimental pain in animals. Nefopam (20 and 30mg/kg) blocked mechanical and cold allodynia during the experimental period، but the analgesic effects of morphine (5mg/kg) lasted for 7 days. It seems that nefopam could effectively reduce pain behavior compared to morphine with reduced adverse effects.

As the articles in recent years well indicate, more than all other factors, social determinants of health are involved in people''s health status and quality of life (QOL). Among these social factors, the economic one is introduced as the main factor determining health status. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of poverty on QOL. The health-related QOL of poor people under coverage of a public charity institution (group 1) was compared with the QOL of ordinary people (group2) using the SF-36 questionnaire. The QOL scores in the groups 1 and 2 were analyzed by Mann-Whitney, Kruskal -Wallis tests and logistic regression using the SPSS 16.00 software. A total of 400 individuals were studied. The results showed significant differences between the two groups in the QOL measures of SF-36, except for physical and mental health measures (P<0.001). With regard to the adverse consequence of the Physical Component Scale (PCS), employing logistic regression analysis, statistically significant relationships between the two groups in the demographic characteristics, except age and marital status, were found. For the adverse consequence of Mental Component Scale (MCS), logistic regression showed statistically significant differences between the two groups in the demographic characteristics, except for age. The findings indicate that poverty diminishes the QOL in most aspects; however, considering all aspects of QOL is necessary to promote the individuals'' health.

Simultaneous occlusion of two vessels causing infarction at different territories is an uncommon finding. We report simultaneous right ventricular and anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in a previously healthy young man.The angiographic results demonstrated the simultaneous occlusion of the right and left coronary arteries because of simultaneous occlusion of left anterior descending artery (LADA) and spasm of right coronary artery (RCA). In this patient, we found simultaneous ST elevations in right and precordial leads so everyone should be careful about all leads of the surface electrocardiogram for decision making in the management of a patient.