Novelty in Biomedicine
Volume:7 Issue: 1, Winter 2019

Here we assessed the incidence of Influenza-A-H1N1-related pneumonia in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) at Loghman Hakim Hospital, Tehran, Iran. In this prospective study from November 22, 2016, to June 21, 2017, patients with CAP and suspected to seasonal influenza were included. Rapid Antigen test and quantitative real-time PCR assay were performed on samples. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant. In addition, radiologic patterns of them were evaluated. a total of 29 admitted CAP patients were suspected of seasonal influenza. Two cases out of them were positive for influenza by real-time PCR, similar to result of influenza rapid test. The most common finding in their chest X ray was consolidation in one lobe. None of them vaccinated against influenza. Only nine patients received empiric Oseltamivir treatment. The amount of irrational antibiotic administration was significant. Despite low statistical numbers, admitted influenza CAP patients did not have unusual symptoms and radiologic patterns. Other results in this study showed need for antibiotic stewardship program and better training about necessity of vaccination.

Alar base surgery is one of the controversial issues in rhinoplasty. In this surgery the nasal base width and alar flaring is got smaller with some kind of procedures. One of these procedures is wedge resection of alar base. This procedure may accompany with either some dissatisfaction of scars and adverse effects or complications. In this study, we evaluate the patient satisfaction of scar and possible complications. A total of 120 rhinoplasty patients at 15 khordad hospital were candidates for alar base wedge resection due to broad nasal base and / or alar flaring who were chosen for this study. We recorded and examined these patients before and minimum 6 months after surgery, then evaluated these information and data, which finally, compared all the preoperation and postoperation findings. Mean age of patients was 30.11 years old. The full satisfaction of scar was 85.5% (103), but 6.7% (8) of patients had not satisfaction of scar due to visible scar in their alar facial groove. The rate of nostril symmetry satisfaction was 79.2% (95) and 8.3% (10) was dissatisfied due to nostril asymmetry. There was no external valve incompetency nor alar and sill notching in our study. There was not any narrowing of nostrils as well. The mean interalar distance preoperatively was 35.88 mm, which reduced to 32.61mm of mean diameter after surgery, (P-value = 0.000). Alar flaring correction was 88% (106) which was an acceptable consequence. The results of present study showed that in spite of surgeons fear for scar and some common complications after alar base resection, the satisfaction rate of our patients in this study were high, and complications frequencies were low. Therefore, we advise that it is better and wiser to do this operation in indicated patients surely within primary rhinoplasty and do not postpone it to another surgery.

Hot mix asphalt (HMA) is one of the most important structures to implement the road and street surfaces, which always exposed to destruction. Provide new solutions to reduce the destructive process of effective factors on asphalt destruction and increasing prolong of its lifetime is important for society of road engineers. Traffic loading and weather conditions are the major factors that have role on different asphalt destruction. In this study, three types of HMAs, which contain nanoclay, and carbon nanotubes were produced by Marshall method in Iran University of Science and Technology, and one type of aged HMA were also collected for further investigations. The HMA samples were transferred to microbiology laboratory of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, and then suspensions were prepared from specimens and cultured on nutrient agar medium. After 24 hours’ incubation at 37 ̊C the bacteria that were grown on the plate were identified. At least the effect of clay and carbon nanoparticles on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of bacteria, were determined by microdilution broth method. A lot of bacterial colonies (Bacillus and Pseudomonas) were collected from the aged specimens. The asphalt, which contain nanoclay had more bacteria than the nanocarbon asphalt. The carbon and clay nanoparticles in 2% and 4% concentration prevented the growth of bacteria, respectively. The old asphalt had more bacteria than other samples, which shows bacteria are one of the main factors in decomposition of asphalt by applying corrosion to bituminous hydrocarbons. Presence of clay and carbon nanoparticles in asphalt structures could increase the durability of the HMAs and reduce the relevant economics costs.

Many studies have shown a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in different communities. Due to multiple roles of vitamin D in the body, this study was aimed to determine the effect of oral vitamin D3 on ventilatory threshold-1 in a condition of vitamin D deficiency. Recent study performed on 25 healthy young adults with the serum levels of 25 Hydroxyvitamin D3 lower than 20 ng/ml, had referred to the sports medicine clinic of Taleghani Hospital of Tehran, in a one-year period (2016-2017). After primary evaluation, baseline ventilatory threshold-1 were determined by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Then persons were treated with 50,000 IU/week of oral vitamin D3 for 8 weeks, and one week after the completion of treatment, ventilator threshold-1 was measured again, similar to the beginning conditions of the study, and its changes were studied. The mean baseline ventilatory threshold-1 of participants before any intervention was 22.46 ± 6.45 (ml/kg/min), and after 8 weeks of treatment by 50000 IU/week of oral vitamin D3, increased to 26.79 ± 5.33 (ml/kg/min) at the end of study, which there was a statistically significant increase in ventilatory threshold-1 (p<0.001). Recent study showed that proper treatment of the vitamin D deficiency, improves ventilatory threshold-1 in healthy young adults.

Bioactivation of nitroglycerin (NTG) leads to the production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of NTG treatment on the redox homeostasis in rat uterus around the time of implantation and the number of pups. The rats in long-term test groups were treated subcutaneously with NTG (15mg/kg BW) and normal saline (1ml/kg B) in control groups for 4 weeks. Afterwards, they were mated and divided into four groups. Two groups were treated until 5 days after mating. Thereafter, they were sacrificed and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase as well as the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the uterus homogenates were measured. In other two groups, treatments were continued until their pups were counted. In the short-term groups, treatments were started after mating, and all above parameters were measured as similar as long-term groups. Long-term NTG treatment significantly increased MDA level and decreased the GPx activity and the pups number compared to the controls (p<0.05), whereas no marked alteration in the activities of GR and CAT and the levels GSH were observed. However, short-term NTG treated groups showed no significant changes in all the parameters mentioned above as compared with the controls. Long-term NTG treatment, unlike short-term treatment, may cause impaired implantation and infertility, but there is also room for further improvement.

Streptococcus mutans is major cause of tooth decay. In addition, there is some report about effects of Streptococcus pyogenes on odontogenic infections. Herbal drugs is now administrating for treatment of some disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of Cuminum cyminum and Carum carvi against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus pyogenes. In this study, standard strains of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus pyogenes were used, and ethanolic extract was prepared in the microbiological laboratory of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. The experiment was repeated 6 times and chlorohexine 2% was used as a control. The best effect of Carum carvi was on Streptococcus mutans, whereas on Streptococcus pyogenes both extracts of Cuminum cyminum and Carum carvi showed the same effect. This study showed, due to the fact that the Cuminum cyminum and Carum carvi extracts exhibited excellent antibacterial properties, they could be a suitable candidate in compounds such as mouthwash, toothpastes and Gums. Therefore, could be used in the prevention and treatment of future oral and dental diseases.

Rare cases if CMV retinitis were presented in immunocompetent patients (Nine cases) Cases Report: A 23 years old man with chief complain of sudden decrease of visual acuity and floater in left eye was under investigation. He was immunocompetent patient without any human immunodeficiency virus and immunosuppression diseases. He was diagnosed as a case of cytomegalovirus retinitis and was treated by intraviteral Ganciclovir. His choroid retinitis was improved after treatment. in retinal vasculitis before approaching anti-inflammatory or anti-VEGF therapy ophthalmologists should take into account infectious causes.