فصلنامه مطالعات روان شناسی ورزشی
پیاپی 12 (تابستان 1394)

The purpose of this research was to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of children sporting cohesion questionnaire. For this purpose، 160 athletes children with mean age of 10. 9 years completed the Persian version of the children’s sporting cohesion questionnaire. Results were examined using descriptive and inferential statistics. Confirmatory factor analysis results suggest that the goodness of fit index is 0. 93 and Comparative Fit Indices are 0. 97، which in this questionnaire two factors and in each factor seven items are properly verified. In addition، Cronbach''s alpha coefficient results and intra-class correlation coefficient showed that group cohesion of children''s questionnaire has appropriate internal and temporal consistency in answers. Therefore، The Persian version of children’s sporting cohesion questionnaire is of acceptable reliability and validity and researches are able to use the Persian version of the children''s sporting questionnaire as a reliable and valid tool to measure children''s group cohesion.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between mental imagery ability and kinaesthesis between athlete and non-athlete females. The population included female students aged 8-11، 12-15 and 20-23 years old. The sample contained 20 athletes and 20 non-athletes in each age group (120 people) that were selected randomly. Data collection tools were vividness of movement imagery-2 questionnaire، chapmans handedness inventory، Bahrami’s dominant-hand''s angle accommodation test and demographic questionnaire. The results showed that there was a significant and positive correlation between mental imagery ability and kinaesthesis error in female athletes and non-athletes of 12-15 and 20-23 years old groups. But this relationship was not significant in female athletes and non-athletes of 8-12 years old groups. On the other hand، the mental imagery ability could predict kinaesthesis error of athletes and non-athletes. According to the results، it is suggested that this structure would be used by psychological consultants and researchers in treatments and future studies.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of sport perfectionism on psychological health dimensions and sport success in elite athletes. A sample of 385 (285 male and 100 female) elite athletes were chosen using cluster random sampling. Participants completed Multidimensional Sport Perfectionism Scale-2، Mental Health Inventory (MHI)، and Sport success scale. The results showed that personal standards and organization were positively associated with psychological well-being and sport success. Also doubts about actions and concern over mistakes were positively associated with psychological distress and negatively associated with sport success. The sport perfectionism predicted changes of psychological health dimensions and sport success. Other findings showed that the average scores of psychological distress in men athletes were significantly lower than women athletes. Overall، observing the optimal level ofsport perfectionism is needed to achieve performance of athletes.

The purpose of present research was to investigate the effect of physical activity different levels on cognitive function and quality of life in elderly people with sleep disorders. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre and post-test design. The statistical sample included 100 elderly people that divided randomly in five experimental groups (exercise with low، moderate، high، and very high intensity) and a control none active group. All subjects were completed the quality of life and cognitive functions scales. Results in post-test showed that the moderate، low and high intensity group scores in cognitive functions scale and quality of life were better than other groups (P<0. 05). Based on these findings، the aerobic practice with low، moderate and high intensity as a useful and medical method to improve the cognitive functions and quality of life among older adults with sleep impairment were recommended.

The aim of this study was to investigate of mental skills training effects on mental toughness among elite shooters. Thirty elite shooters were selected purposely and divided to two experimental and control groups randomly. Before and after eight weeks of mental skills training، participants completed the mental toughness questionnaire. The results of analysis of gain scores and independent t tests showed that in some sub-scales (such as emotion control، commitment and confidence in abilities، confidence interpersonal & challenge)، mental skills training had significant effects and in some (life control and challenge) had not. Because of mental toughness and mental skills sub-scale similarities، it seems that mental skills training could promote mental toughness among elite shooters.

The purpose of present research was to compare the psychological strategies between male and female athletes and individual and team sports. 394 athletes from student Olympiad twelfth completed the test of performance strategies- 2 questionnaire that has stability and consistency above 0. 70. The MANOVA analysis revealed that in practice، male athletes were significantly better in goal-setting and attention control compared to female athletes but، females had better emotional control. During competition، male athletes performed better compared to female athletes in automaticity and distractibility. In addition، team players were characterized by higher scores in relaxation skills and attention control in practice and activation and automaticity in competition compared to individual players. So، it is suggested to consider، sports type، practice and competition as effective factors for teaching psychological skills.

The aim of this study was to compare the mental awareness and working memory between active and inactive students of Urmia University. Participants were selected purposefully from physical education students and other fields of humanities. The samples included 80 students (physical education (n: 40)، humanities fields (n: 40)، and each group consisted of 20 males and 20 females). The Kentucky awareness Skills Inventory and N-BACK software were used to evaluate mental awareness and working memory respectively. The findings of the multi co-variance analysis showed that there was no significant difference between working memory and focusing sub-test of physical education students in comparison to the humanities students and also gender. Active students were better in the observing and describing sub-tests. In the attention and accepting sub-test، there were significant differences in gender. Therefore، it is necessary to inform the public about the mental awareness through designing and developing special programs.

The aim of the present study is to estimate the relative ratio of happiness of early maladaptive schemas in physical education teachers in Isfahan، which is done by a descriptive correlational method. The population includes all teachers of physical education (559 persons)، who were attended in three course of physical education in Isfahan in 2013. The volume of sample calculated through the Krjys and Morgan chart (1970) is 226 persons. The method of random sampling is commensurate with the size of the population. In order to collect data we used maladaptive schemas and happiness questionnaire. To analyze data، descriptive statistics (Mean and Standard Deviation) and inferential statistics (Correlation Coefficient، Regression) are applied. The results showed that there is a significant negative correlation between early maladaptive schemas and happiness of physical education teachers in Isfahan. According to the results، Maladaptive Schemas in physical education teachers can reduce their happiness، that consequently this can have a negative impact on the performance of teachers in their future behavior. Also، the results come from regression showed that early maladaptive schemas can be good predictors for happiness in the physical education teachers and affect 20 percent of the happiness of physical education teachers.