فصلنامه مطالعات روان شناسی ورزشی
پیاپی 16 (تابستان 1395)

This study examined basic psychological needs theory, a sub-theory in the self-determination framework, in athlete students. To do this, we examined social-context determinations of well-being among athlete students. Also, the role of basic psychological needs mediators were test. Research design was descriptive-correlational. 234 athlete students (Mean age: 20.9; SD: 3.03) randomly selected in Urmia and Tabriz universities. The results showed that autonomy supportive and task-involving climate positively related to basic needs (autonomy, competence and relatedness) and positive affect. The ego-involving climate related to negative affect. Three psychological needs positively related to positive affect, and negatively related to negative affect. Three psychological needs also were positive mediators in relationships between autonomy supportive and task-involving climate to positive affect. The results of the study have supported the basic needs theory.

The Purpose of this study was comparing the sources of stress of athletes and non-athletes students in medical and non-medical fields, in order to provide solutions to eliminate or modify them. To do this, after the geographical breakdown of the country's universities to five regions, the respective questionnaires were distributed among 2,000 students (1,200 non-medical and 800 medical, half of each group were athletes and half of them were non-athletes). Factor analysis and independent t test were used to identify the sources of stress and compare groups respectively. After extracting the sources of stress in each group, between groups’ comparison showed that there were significant differences in the sources of stress between the athletes and non-athletes student. The major sources of stress and ways to remove or modify them were in the managerial and administrative areas.

The purpose of this research was to determinine validity and reliability of the Persian version of the CSAI-2R. For this purpose 170 men and women across different levels of skills and sport fields were chosen by purposeful sampling and completed the CSAI-2R. Confirmatory factor analysis based on structural equations was used for inventory structure validation, Cronbach alpha coefficient was used for internal consistency of scale and intra-class correlation coefficient under test-retest method was used to study temporal reliability of this instrument. The results of order 1 and 2 of confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach alpha coefficient and intra-class correlation coefficient showed that, Persian Version of the CSAI-2R is acceptable among Iranian athletes in terms of reliability and validity and is able to be used as a reliable and valid instrument to measure competitive state anxiety of athletes.

The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument in measuring the level of confidence of individuals in their capabilities to perform sport tasks. A questionnaire with 22 items was made based on the theoretical framework. 567 individuals (301 males, 249 females) were chosen by stratified-available sampling and answered to these questions. The reliability of the questionnaire was 0.975 and 0.944 based on Cronbach’s alpha and split-half methods. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by seven experts. CFA results showed that the questionnaire was impacted with one factor. The correlation between individuals’ test score and their efficiency and sport self-confidence scores was representative of the construct validity of the questionnaire (r=0.516 and r=0.738 respectively, p≤0.01). The correlation between the scores of the participants and their level of physical activity represented the criterion validity of the questionnaire (r=0.579, p≤0.01). Therefore, the questionnaire was of acceptable validity and reliability.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different mood on implicit motor learning in a homogeneous people with low trait anxiety. The sample consisted of 75 male student volunteers from the University of Kharazmi with low trait anxiety that were randomly divided into three groups of positive, negative and neutral mood. In first, all subjects were introduced to positive, negative and neutral conditions by the International Affective Pictures System and after that they practiced the standard mirror-tracing apparatus task within a block of 10 trials. The retention test included 4 trials from the same task. The results revealed that performance time and error rate of positive mood group in retention phase was better than two groups (P>0.05). This research confirmed the moderating role of emotion in implicit motor learning and was found Individuals with low trait anxiety gain more benefits from positive mood in learning conditions.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the comparison of meta-cognition beliefs and sport self-regulation between athletes with three different levels of skill. Based on Inclusion and exclusion criteria, one hundred and fifty athletes were selected in three levels of elite,expert and novice. To data collection, the demographic, sport self regulation and meta-cognition questionnaires were used. Results showed that the men with expert level were significantly better than women with expert level in meta-cognition beliefs and sport self-regulation. Also, the men and women athletes with elite level were significantly higher than athletes with expert and beginner level in Meta-cognition beliefs and sport self-regulation. Furthermore, the men and women athletes with expert level were significantly higher than athletes with beginner level in these variables. Based on the present research results, could be recommended the physical activity with expert and elite level to promote the sport self-regulation and meta-cognition beliefs.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of coping strategies in competitive anxiety and self-confidence of Wushu athletes. 107 questionnaires were completed by athletes. In this study, The Persian version of competitive state anxiety inventory-2 was used to measure cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence also the Persian version of coping strategies questionnaire was utilized to assess athlete's strategies. Data were analyzed by using multivariate regression and Pearson correlation tests. The results showed that correlation between task and emotion orientation strategies with somatic-cognitive anxiety and task orientation strategies with self-confidence was significant. Also, multiple regression analysis showed that task and emotion orientation strategies predict %53 variations of somatic anxiety, % 63 variations of cognitive anxiety and % 65 variations of self-confidence. According to results, task orientation strategies reduce cognitive- somatic anxiety and increase self-confidence but emotion orientation strategies have inverse influence.

The aim of present study was measuring validity and reliability of automatic self-talk questionnaire for sport. For this purpose, 344 males and females athletes with different levels in team and individual sport complete the questionnaire. After applying the translate-retranslate technique, face were confirmed by 5 Panels. For determining the construct validity, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) based on structural equations was used, internal consistency of questionnaire was achieve by Cranach's alpha and Pearson correlation coefficient under test-retest method was used to study reliability of questionnaire. The Results showed that the final model was affirmed 2dimentions including negative and positive self-talk with 8factors. In addition to, the questionnaire had absolute fit index, internal consistency and acceptable reliability that explanatory favorite validity and reliability for the questionnaire Persian version with 39 items.

The aim of the study was to explore the collective efficacy sources of the experiences of Iran''s national team volleyball athletes. This was a qualitative study and applied phenomenology as its methodology. The sample under investigation was the men athletes of volleyball national team in 2014¡ who were selected purposefully and access sampling. The participants were 10 volunteers. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data¡ which were analyzed using content analysis. Validity and reliability of the results was appropriate. The findings were categorized in 6 explanatory Code of «team achievements» ¡ «team training» ¡ «interaction between the team» ¡ «team supporters» ¡ «coach efficient» and «unity of mental team» were identified. The findings were similar to other theories and were complementary and special in some regards. This study will offering the importance of the issue of collective efficacy to achieve further successes in the areas of international for Iran''s volleyball team.

The purpose of this study was to compare behavioral disorders among adolescent's individual and team athletes and non-athletes. 188 female and male students 12-14 years were selected and divided to individual and team athletes and non-athletes groups. For measurement of behavioral disorder used Rutter questionnaire as teacher and parent form. According to results from above forms, in addition to further prevalence amount of behavioral disorders in non-athletes adolescent, subscales difference were significant between adolescent's individual, team athletes and non-athletes. Also, behavioral disorders higher in male than female. Different exercise can effect in prevention and decreasing adolescents of behavioral disorders so that it can look as efficient method along some protection modern methods.