Journal of Clinical Research in Paramedical Sciences
Volume:5 Issue: 1, 2016

This study aimed at comparing the body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) between physical education (P.E) and non-physical education (N.P.E) students of Razi University.
This study was performed using a descriptive method. 343 male and female students including 176 non-freshman P.E and 187 N.P.E were randomly cluster sampled. Next, the body dysmorphic disorder questionnaire (BDDQ) was used. Non parametric tests were used to examine the variables of the study.
The results showed that the rate of BDD was 3.8 % (13 out of 343). The most rate of BDD for male N.P.E students was (5.4%) and for female N.P.E (4.1%).
In general, since the rate of BDD was lower in P.E students, it seems that encouraging and informing the N.P.E students to participate in physical activities and playing sports is beneficial to decreasing the BDD in them.

Despite an effective vaccine against hepatitis B (HBV), infection with this virus is still one of the most common community-acquired infections. HBV infection is usually diagnosed using serological and virological parameters. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B serologic markers in patients referred to the clinic of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences during 2011-2012.
Blood was obtained from 3561patients and centrifuged. Blood serum was separated and kept at -20 °C until testing. The antigen and antibodies of hepatitis B virus were examined using ELISA method.
A total of 3561 persons were tested for HBsAg and the prevalence of hepatitis B was 3.08% for this population. The highest rate of HBsAg (60.9%) was for 40-21 year old and the lowest (0%) was in children under 10 years. In this study, 167 patients (4.5%) were tested for HbsAb. Of them 105 (63%) cases were positive which consisted of 57 (54.28%) women and 48 (45.71%) men.
The prevalence of HBV infection in the elderly and middle-aged people was more than youngers. It seems thah the prevalence of HBV infection after the national vaccination program for hepatitis B in children and adolescents has decreased in the community.

Patients hospitalized in cardiac intensive care units can lead to sleep disorder. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of blindfolds and earplugs on sleep quality of the patients who were admitted to the CCU.
In this clinical trial, 80 patients admitted to CCU of Emam Ali Hospital in 2013 were purposively selected and randomly divided into four groups (the first intervention group, who used eye masks and earplugs; the second intervention group, who used eye masks only; the third intervention group, who used earplugs; and a control group, who did not receive any intervention). Qualities of sleep were evaluated using Sleep Quality Index Pittsburgh. Data in the four groups were analyzed using chi-square and ANOVA and Dunnetts C statistics tests using SPSS-21 software (05/0>P).
There revealed a significant difference in the quality of sleep (P0/05).
Utilization of such non-invasive non-pharmaceutical tools as blindfolds and earplugs are recommended in cardiac intensive care units since they are cost effective and noncomplicating and that they result in an improvement in sleep quality of the patients who are suffering from cardiac complications.

Depression is a common and disabling disorder among elderly people which is associated with decreased quality of life. It has negative effects on the physical and mental functions of the elderly. Elderly population of the country has been increasing and almost few studies have been conducted on the depression rate of the group. Therefore, this study was performed aiming at determining the depression rate of the elderly in Kermanshah.
This descriptive-analytic study was performed on 383 elderly participants of Kermanshah selected through the random cluster method in 2012. Accordingly, considering the city as 5 districts (based on the classification of municipal areas), 77 people from each district were randomly chosen. Next, they were provided with a standard depression test (Beck) and a demographic questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.
The results of this study showed that the depression rate for 18.5 % of the participants was mild, 40.2 % moderate, 5.7 % serious, and 3.1 % very serious Also, 32.4 % showed no signs of the disorder. There revealed to be no significant relationship between depression and gender, living district, and the employed or unemployed status of the elderly participants. But there revealed to be a significant correlation between depression rate with having an insurance (p The high prevalence of depression among the elderly, especially for those with low income, no insurance, and those who are less active, proves their growing needs for an economical –social support.Therefore, it is recommended that the authorities take an effective step for decreasing the depression rate of these people through the proper planning, provision of sports facilities, employment and recreational opportunities.

There is a clear gender differences in the epidemiology, clinical presentation, physiology, responding to diagnostic tests, interventions, as well as the prevalence of non psychological risk factors. This study was conducted to the study of psychological risk factors in cardiac rehabilitation men and women.
This study is cross-sectional. The study population consisted of all cardiac rehabilitation (CR) patients, who were referred to a CR in the Imam Ali hospital in Kermanshah in 2013. Among the patients selected 212 peoples (106 women and 106 men), as matched. Data were collected through clinical interview, Beck anxiety and depression questionnaires, Hudson marital stress index, and Buss and Perry Anger Questionnaire. The SPSS version 18 was used to analyze the data using methods of MANOVA, Chi-square test and T test.
The mean age was 56.25  9.1 years for women and 57.15  9.1 years for men. The results showed that anxiety and depression is significantly higher in women than men (p Psychological risk factors and pathology of the cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is different in women and men and needs to specific diagnose and treatment strategies to females. Psychological risk factors for cardiac disease appear differently in men and women. Thus, each of these two groups need their own diagnosis and treatment strategies.

Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder in which medication is the most common treatment. Concerning the side effects and the high expense of these treatments, developing the non-pharmaceutics treatments seem to be a necessity. The current study investigated the effectiveness of aerobic exercise on depression, automatic thought, dysfunctional assumption, and the early maladaptive schemas of depressed students.
In this randomized clinical trial study, the subjects were 48 students who were met depression criteria by structured clinical interview (DSM-IV-TR). The obtained data was analysed through conducting descriptive statistics (frequency and mean of standard deviation) and the inferential statistics (ANCOVA) via SPSS 16.
There was a significant difference between the mean of subjects’ scores in depression female (P= 0.009), and male (p=0.021). Although there was decreased between the mean of subjects’ scores in Automatic Thought and Dysfunctional assumption, but this difference was not significant. There was a significant difference between the mean of subjects’ scores in vulnerability to harm or illness (P : Totally, the results indicated that aerobic exercise can be effective as a treatment or an additional psychological and medication treatment for depression.

The previous studies have shown and with the knowledge of the complications of surgeries and improvements in the field of surgeries, customized photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) as a new method of surgery. This study is a comparative assessment of changes in High Order Aberration in Hyperopic and Hyperopic Astigmatism Patients pre- and post- customized ablation photorefractive keratectomy.
This cross-sectional study, 20 eyes of 12 patients (8 female and 4 male) were underwent customized PRK technique by technolas 217p. The patients were divided into three groups based on the amount of subjective hyperopia, hyperopia between .50 and .75D have been as the mild hyperopia group, hyperopia between .00 and .00D as moderate and high hyperopia group were included hyperopia between .25 and .00D. Subjective refraction ,best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) and high order aberration with 6 millimeter pupil was measured pre- and postoperatively.
High Order Aberrations (HOA) was increased in each hyperopic group especially in high hyperopia group.
Utilization of such non-invasive non-pharmaceutical tools as blindfolds and earplugs are recommended in cardiac intensive care units since they are cost effective and noncomplicating and that they result in an improvement in sleep quality of the patients who are suffering from cardiac complications.

Spend a larger share of household resources for health services could threaten the living standards in the short term and long term, so that households should ignore current expenditures in other goods and services in the short term In the long run , the consequences of such asset sales and auctions , check out the savings or accumulation of household debt is expected . This study uses a probit model to Factors affecting the crippling cost of dialysis patients, in Dialysis patients referred to Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital in Urmia, 108 families in the district investigates in 2014. The determinants of catastrophic health expenditures are: wealth index, gender of household head, place of residence, presence of members in need of care, job status of household head, number of dialysis services to be covered by compulsory insurance and supplemental insurance. Furthermore, the results indicate that presence of members in need of care and , number of dialysis services will increase the probability that households face catastrophic expenditures while any increase in wealth index, male household head, employed household head, household covered by compulsory and supplemental insurance and place of residence will decrease the probability of facing the catastrophic expenditures. The results of this study indicate the importance of expanding prepaid mechanisms, strengthening basic health insurance and support vulnerable groups such as households have a member with a particular disease, female -headed households and Households with unemployed heads.

In recent years, an increasing number of infertile patients are associated with several environmental, occupational and genetic factors. These factors directly impact on body tissues, including reproductive tissues or indirectly affect the performance of the neuro endocrine system. The purpose of this study was to determine the associated risk factors with infertility in patients referred to the infertility center of Mo'tazedi hospital in Kermanshah. This Cross-sectional study was conducted on 514 patients that were divided to the two groups of the “infertile case group” and the “fertile control group "that has children and with no history of infertility. The case Group (infertile) was selected based on semen analysis. SPSS software version 16 was used for analyzing the study. The results showed that Smoking, Varicocele and Ergogenic substances among infertile case and control groups has significant relationship (P<0.05) , but there was no significant relationship (P>0.05) between using Alcohol, Opium and Cryptorchidism among the two groups. Smoking, using Ergogenic substances and Varicocele can be considered as risk factors for infertility in men in Kermanshah province.

Patients hospitalized in cardiac intensive care units Trauma is the second cause of mortality in Iran after cardiovascular diseases. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, all of patients with certain diagnosis of fracture, referred to Taleghani Hospital in Kermanshah, were investigated. Demographic information of patients was extracted from files of patients based on standard questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16. Of 5342 patients, 3579 cases (67%) were male and 3498 cases (65.4%) had a fracture in upper extremities. The most common case of fracture was falling from a height (77%). The result of the study, showed the high rate of fracture in children under 12 years in this area.