مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تربت حیدریه
سال سوم شماره 4 (زمستان 1394)

Aerobic activities have an undeniable role in improving insulin resistance in obese people with type II diabetes. Although the status of aerobic exercises especially its intensity is an important factor in reducing the risks in diabetic patients, there is little information about this topic. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare two different types of aerobic exercises with different intensities on Visfatin and RBP4 Serum Levels in obese women with type II diabetes.
This is a quasi-experimental study conducted on 24 diabetic patients with irregular physical exercises (inactive) during a week. Samples were collected through convenience method and divided randomly into 3 groups (2 experimental and 1 control groups) of 8 people. The first experimental group did high-intensity alternative workout and the second experimental group did the low-intensity continual exercises three times a week for 16 weeks. The control group did not receive any interventions during this time.
The present study revealed that a 16 week of high-intensity alternative training has no significant effect on Visfatin and RBP4 Serum Levels in type II diabetic patients(P>0.05), while it had significant effect on the insulin resistance and insulin level (P0.05).
To sum it up, the current research indicates that physical activity can improve the blood factors in type II diabetic patients. Also, it controls the blood glucose and improves insulin resistance. Moreover, it is necessary to notice that there was no significant difference between different intensities of aerobic exercises.

anxiety is one of the most common and important psychological disorder among End-Stage Renal Failure especially those who are undergoing hemodialysis, that can have a negative impact on quality of life and treatment acceptance. Anxiety increases morbidity and mortality .the aim of this research is to determine the in hemodialysis patients.
In this descriptive, analytic cross-sectional study, all hemodialysis patients who referred to hemodialys unit of Valiasr Hospitals were evaluated in 1393 . that was done on 67 patients .
Data were collected through two questionnaires including demographic information and Shpilberger questionair. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16 soft ware. (p mean of state anxiety score was 50.8±803 , mean of trait anxiety score was 53.4±11.8 and mean of total anxiety score was 104.2±18.9 . More than %50 of the patients had high levels of anxiety. there was not significant relationship between anxiety with age, sex, level of education ,job ,marital status ,residence , number of dialysis per week , duration of dialysis treatment , and there was significant relationship between anxiety with life satisfaction and the spiritual and relationships .
Regarding the high…… anxiety in our studied population, further studies are recommended to determine the proper methods for early diagnosis and screening of anxiety among hemodialysis patients. In addition, patients need to be educated about the methods of prevention and controlling these disorders.

Post-traumatic stress disorder can reduce the quality of life and increase in the risk of suicide and psychiatric disorders, as well. Few studies have been done to investigate the effectiveness of metacognitive model for treatment of these patients. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy on metacognitive beliefs in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.
This is a single-case study conducted using the multiple baseline design. The population of the study included all patients with post-traumatic stress disorder in the city of Tabriz in 2015 .The subjects consist of three patients with post-traumatic stress disorder were referred to psychiatrist and selected based on purposive and convenience sampling methods. Patients were evaluated in pre-treatment, during treatment and follow-up period of six weeks using the standard scales. Percent of improvement and effect size were used to analyze data.
The results of the study showed that metacognitive therapy significantly reduced metacognitive beliefs and post-traumatic stress disorder in the both post-treatment and follow-up stages statistically and clinically. Percent of improvement for the first, second and third participants was 54.74, 51.09 and 50.65, respectively.
The results showed that the clinical effectiveness of metacognitive therapy was confirmed in a culture other than the culture of the manufacturer's treatment protocol so that this treatment is probably effective to reduce the metacognitive beliefs of post-traumatic stress disorder.

Nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy is a problem that is hard to bear for pregnant women. This problem not only endangers the mother's physical health but also their mental health and social and family functions. This study aimed to determine the relationship between social support and marital satisfaction with nausea and vomiting in pregnant women.
This descriptive study conducted on 60 pregnant women referred to a midwifery unit of Daneshamooz and Ahmadi health centers Mashhad city. Data were collected using standard tools and analyzed by SPSS version 16. The significance level was considered as p The mean age and the pregnancy age of subjects were 27.2±4.8 and 8.8±1.63, respectively. There was a moderate inverse relationship between marital satisfaction and nausea, vomiting and gagging (p=0.007, r=-0.343). However, there was no significant correlation between social support and the total score of nausea, vomiting and gagging (p˃0.05).
Due to the remarkable relationship between nausea and vomiting in pregnancy with marital satisfaction, it is recommended to improve prenatal care to reduce nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, and subsequently, increase in marital satisfaction.

The concentration of fluoride in drinking water resources is very important in people's health issue. One of the main resources of fluoride intake for people is drinking water. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the fluoride concentration in rural drinking water resources of Bardaskan County using geographic information system.
In this descriptive/cross-sectional study, the samples were collected from 30 drinking water resources in Bardaskan in 1393 and fluoride concentration was determined. In order to interpolation of fluoride concentration, the Kriging, Radial Basis Functions, Local Polynomial Interpolation and Global Polynomial Interpolation methods were used. The best interpolation method was determined RMSE. The zoning maps were prepared using geostatistical methods in GIS software.
The mean concentration of fluoride in studied resources was 0.562 ± 0.058 mg/L. The minimum and maximum concentrations of fluoride were 0.06 and 1.43 mg/L, respectively. According to the zoning maps, the fluoride concentration was higher in the center of studied area than the overall mean. The simple Kriging method with RMSE of 0.16916 was the best method for zoning of fluoride in the studied area.
Based on the results of present study, the fluoride concentration in drinking water resources is in desirable level and there is no concern regarding the fluoride concentration in drinking water.

Psychological disorders are one the behavioral and psychiatric problems which are highly considered as a clinical issue. This study was conducted to investigate the psychological disorders profile (anxiety, depression and psychological distress) in adult population of Isfahan province.
This cross-sectional study carried out on the obtained data of Sepahan project conducted on the staff of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Anxiety and depression of the subjects were assessed by "hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS)" and psychological distress was assessed using General Health Questionnaire. Chi-square and logistic regression tests were used. Data were analyzed by SPSS 15.
Based on the finding, depression was the most common psychological problem in this study. The frequency of all three psychological problems in women is significantly higher than men. The Odds ratio of psychological distress, Anxiety and depression in women were (CI=1.44-1.91, OR=1.66), (CI=1.57-2.24, OR=1.87) and (CI=1.57-2.04, OR=1.79), respectively. Moreover, the frequency of psychological distress and anxiety in people under 40 was significantly higher than people over 40. The Odds ratio of psychological distress and anxiety in people over 40 was (CI=0.7-0.93, OR=0.81) and (CI=0.79-0.94, OR=0.79), respectively.
The results of this study showed that psychological disorders are highly prevalent among adult population of Isfahan province, particularly in women. As a result, the health and treatment authorities should pay further attention to control, prevent and treat these disorders.

Entrepreneurial attitudes and organizational citizenship behavior are two concepts that have attracted the attention of researchers of different scientific disciplines. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between entrepreneurial attitudes and organizational citizenship behavior among staff of Torbat Heydariyeh University of medical sciences in 2015.
This is a descriptive/analytical study which conducted on 437 staff of Torbat Heydariyeh University of medical sciences. Sample size (205 people) was calculated using Morgan table based on the studied population size. Study tools were entrepreneurial attitude questionnaire, organizational citizenship behavior and demographic information. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 21 and descriptive and inferential statistics.
The mean and standard deviation of participant's age were 31.2±10.8. In addition, the mean and standard deviation scores of organizational citizenship behavior and entrepreneurial attitude among participants were 451.4 ± 3.60 and 459.4 ± 52.7, respectively. There is a significant relationship between entrepreneurial attitude and organizational citizenship behavior (r=0.50, p=0/000). Also, entrepreneurial attitude predicted 0.25 of organizational citizenship behavior among university staff.
Based on the results, there was a relatively suitable relationship between entrepreneurial attitude and organizational citizenship behavior in studied subjects. It is recommended to promote entrepreneurial attitude to increase organizational citizenship behaviors among university staff.

Workers of auto parts manufacturing industry expose to the gases, vapors and dust created from devices. This exposure will probably increase the risk of occupational lung diseases. This study aimed to determine the respiratory problems and spirometric parameters of workers in the industry of auto parts.
This is a case-control study in which 48 workers in an auto parts manufacturing industry were selected as case group and 47 administrative staff as control group. Data about the prevalence of respiratory symptoms was collected through the standard questionnaire of respiratory symptoms according to the American Lung Association recommendation. Pulmonary function parameters were measured using a calibrated spirometer. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 and statistical tests including t-test, Wilcoxon and chi-square.
The mean age of participants in the case and control groups was 29.5 and 33.72 respectively. The average concentration of pollutant in the manufacturing unit was 5.51±2.3 mg/m3. In addition, the most and the least respiratory problems were related to dyspnea and cough with sputum, respectively. Furthermore, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were different in various groups (p Regarding the frequency of respiratory problems and decrease in spirometric parameters among workers exposed to risk factors, protective measures should be applied against pollutants. Moreover, it is recommended to educate workers about this issue.