International Journal of Pediatrics
Volume:2 Issue: 7, Sep 2014

Hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most common cause of congenital sensory neuronal hearing loss. These patients are screened by auditory brainstem response (ABR) test at bilirubin levels higher than 1% of gestational weight. Aim of this study is to determine whether hyperbilirubinemia less than 1% of gestational weight could induce hearing loss and abnormal auditory brainstem response (ABR). In this case control study the outcome of ABR test in children younger than 3 years old with a history of term delivery and hyperbilirubinemia (bilirubin level less than 1% of gestational weight) were compared with the control group without hyperbilirubinemia matched for age and gender. Mean ABR amplitude (wave I, V) were significantly prolonged in neonates with jaundice compared with controls (P<0.01). Based on receiver-operating characteristic curves, a bilirubin level of 0.6% of gestational weight was the best discriminator with a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. In logistic regression analysis the relative risk of having an abnormal ABR in bilirubin level>0.6% gestational weight was 2.25 with 95% confidence intervals (CI) (1.44-3.89 and p=0.02). Our study showed a relevant association between bilirubin levels less than 20 mg/dl and abnormal ABR.

Aasthma due to causing disruption in the work of breathing and obstruction of the pulmonary tract creates the physical restrictions in the social, emotional and psychological, aspects and performing daily life activities, hence the present study is conducted to determine the impact of a period of selected activity on some spirometry parameters of children from 5 to 10 years old suffering from asthma caused by exercise. In this half experimental respiratory research, respiratory indexes of 11 children including 5 boys under the age of 10 years old suffering from asthma caused by exercise were measured before and after eight weeks of selected exercises and pranayama by spirometry were measured. The results showed that the selected exercise routine improves on the status of activities and being short of breath (Z=0/003). Also the average of spirometry indexes prior to a ten minutes exercise, before and after the intervention, compared with the average of spirometry indexes after a ten minute exercise, before and after intervention in the parameters: (fev1) the volume of the expiratory force in the first second, and (PEF) the maximum expiratory flow, the results are statistically significant (p 0.05). The present study shows the impact of the selected exercises in improving mobility status and being short of breath and reducing asthma symptoms caused by exercise (EIA) as well as strengthening the respiratory muscles significantly.

Frequent infections is among the most frequent clinical dilemmas for primary care physicians. Immunodeficiency disorders are a heterogeneous group of illnesses that predispose patients to the recurrent infections, autoimmunity and malignancies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and laboratory data collected for the final diagnosis of patients referred with recurrent infections and suspected immunodeficiency to a local immunodeficiency clinic. This epidemiological study was carried out between April 2010 and September 2012 at the Immunodeficiency Clinic of Mashhad. All patients with clinical manifestations of immunodeficiency who were referred to our clinic during this period of time were included in this study. 41 patients aged from 10 months to 51 years, were evaluated. Forty one patients, aged between 10 months and 51 years were evaluated. Eleven patients had a primary immunodeficiency, four cases had a secondary immunodeficiency, in three patients an underlying structural disease were found, eight patients were predisposed to recurrent infections as a result of allergies and finally, fifteen cases were found to be normal individuals. Most patients with recurrent infection have a normal immune system. Allergic disorders are the most common predisposing factor to recurrent infection. However, as immunodeficiency disorders are potentially serious, early diagnosis can improve the quality of life and outcome and prevent severe sequels in future.

The Wilson disease is an autosomal recessive disease in which the liver, central nervous system, eyes, blood and other parts of the body involved. Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment of the disease requires awareness of the clinical presentations of this disease in children. This case series study included 62 patients with Wilson disease who admitted to children's Medical Center in the years 2012-2003. 56% of patients were male. The average age of diagnosis was 9.73 years old (5-17 years) and this was higher in patients with early neurologic symptoms (P = 0.85.(64.5% of the patients had the hepatic symptoms at the time of diagnosis and the most common type of hepatic involvement was cirrhosis (39.3%) and hepatitis (17.5%) respectively. 17.7% of the patients also had early neurological symptoms. A positive family history for the Wilson Disease were found in 27.4% of patients. 74.2% of patients had KF ring and the frequency of these symptom was higher in patients with early neurological involvement. 83.9% of patients were treated successfully with D-penicillamine and In 30% of patients, adverse drug reactions were seen. Children with unknown liver disease should be evaluated for Wilson disease and the first-degree relatives of patients should be screened.. D-penicillamine have important side effects, but due to the low cost and the availability is an appropriate drug to treat the Wilson disease..

When a child has a developmental disability, the parenthood stress can be onerous. Research on the parenting stress has addressed the parenting stress differences between children families with and without disabilities. The purpose of the current research was to examine the comparison of parenting related stress and depression symptoms in mothers of children recently diagnosed with and without autism spectrum disorders. In this semi-experimental study that was performed using both experiment and control groups, 15 mothers of children was recruited (biological mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders aged 6 years who’s diagnosed were made less than 5 months prior to study) and was compared with 15 mothers of children without autism spectrum disorders were selected with using of available sampling method and randomly were replaced into two experimental and control groups. Parents completed a packet of questionnaire measuring demographics, parenting stress and depression. Data were analyzed using of descriptive statistics, t-test method. Results of t tests showed significant differences between the two groups for two variables (p<0.001). Mothers of children with an autism spectrum disorder generally report significantly higher levels of stress and depression than mothers of children without autism spectrum disorder. According to the findings of the present study, the investigation of parenting related stress and depression in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder can provide valuable implications for clinicians to target at the predictors when providing assessment and intervention for children with ASD to improve their health parent.

The lack of mental health interferes with one's individual achievement and ability for undertaking the responsibilities of everyday life. Researches show that psychological well-being and parenting styles have an important role in one's increasing general health. The current study examined the relationship between psychological well-being and parenting styles with student's mental health. This study was carried out on 278 students (124 boys and 154 girls) of Boukan's high schools. The participants were asked to complete psychological well-being inventory and mental health parenting style questionnaire. Data was analyzed using of Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. The results showed that psychological well-being and authoritative parenting styles were significantly related with mental health; also, Permissive parenting styles has significant positive relationship with mental health. The regression analysis indicated that mental health is predictable by psychological well-being and parenting styles. The knowledge of parenting styles and psychological well-being and their relationships with general well-being can provide the significant implications on the provision of student's health. Parenting styles and psychological well-being, as significant variables in general well-being, needs more clinical research.

The term dynamic assessment (DA) refers to an assessment, by an active teaching process, of a child's perception, learning, thinking, and problem solving. The process is aimed at modifying an individual's cognitive functioning and observing subsequent changes in learning and problem-solving patterns within the testing situation. DA has been advocated as an alternative and/or supplemental approach to traditional standardized testing with children who are culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD). This study was a causal-comparative that including 58 children of 5 kindergartens of Mashhad, with 6 to 6.5-year-old, with available sampling. Kindergartens were selected of areas (1,2,4,5,6) of Mashhad-Iran. Variable of intelligence in children, was controlled by the Raven’s IQ test. Eight children were perceived process at the level of symbolic, eighteen children in the visual-image (visual) and thirty-two children were perceived process at the level of visual-motor (functional representation). Results showed children were perceived process at the level of symbolic, only 50% of them were used these method in practice. These results for children in the visual-image was 66.6% and for children were perceived process at the level of visual-motor was 68.7%. Dynamic assessment is a method of education and according to methods of teacher (symbolic, visual, functional representation), children also, often engage in the same level of performance and problem solving.

A 2 years and 9 months old boy attended to a gastroenterology clinic of pediatric hospital for investigation of recurrent and intractable vomiting. He had post prandial, non-projectile, non-bilious emesis since past 2 years. Since the onset of illness, he was carried to many doctors and underwent extensive laboratory investigations. Because all of the science lab and imaging work up for etiology of emesis was normal and there wasnt any clinical response to medical treatment, psychological consultation with suspicion of psychogenic vomiting was done. After psychological consultation and treatment, including teaching the feeding techniques for mother, there was a dramatic recovery and the vomiting stopped. A diagnosis of psychogenic vomiting was made. He was discharged with the advice to attend regular supportive psychotherapy sessions.

We report three cases of asymptomatic celiac disease identified in children with Down syndrome after being screened at around twenty-four months of age. These cases raise the question as to what age is screening for celiac disease indicated in a child with Down syndrome and no symptoms.

Tyrosinemia type 1 is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder, which typically affects liver and kidneys. It is caused by a defect in fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase or fumarylacetoacetase (FAH) enzyme, the final enzyme in the tyrosine degradation pathway. The disease typically manifests as early onset type in early infancy with acute hepatic crisis with hepatomegaly and bleeding tendency. In 1992, a new drug orfadin (NTBC, Nitisinone) which is a potent inhibitor of 4 hydroxy phenyl pyrovate dioxygenase has revolutionized the treatment of tyrosinemia type 1 and is now the mainstry of therapy. Our case was a girl in midchidhood period with profound rickets and slowly progressing liver disease who presented with difficulty walking and weakness of muscles. She had an elevated serum tyrosine and urinary succinylacetone, which confirmed the diagnosis of tyrosinemia type 1 and after treatment with NTBC significant remission, was achieved.

Honey contains a wide variety of vitamins, minerals, amino acids and antioxidants. The vitamins found in honey include niacin, riboflavin and pantothenic acid; minerals present include calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium and zinc. In addition honey contains a variety of flavonoids and phenolic acids which act as antioxidants, scavenging and eliminating free radicals. Honey has had a long history in human consumption, and is used in various foods and beverages as a sweetener and flavoring. It also has a role in religion and symbolism. Medicinal importance of honey has been documented in the world''s oldest medical literatures, and since the ancient times, it has been known to possess antimicrobial property as well as wound-healing activity. More than 1,400 years ago, honey is described as a source of healing in the Quran and it is also mentioned as one of the foods of Paradise.

Immunization is today one of the safest, most cost-effective, and powerful means of preventing deaths and improving lives. Over the years, all countries of the world have incorporated an increasingly broad immunization agenda in their public health interventions. Immunization programmes are now routinely reaching over 80 percent of children under one year of age. Iran and Turkey with a population of nearly the same, are in the neighborhood and the aim of this study is to compare the vaccination situation in the two countries from 1980 to 2013.