مجله پژوهشهای جانوری (زیست شناسی ایران)
سال سی و یکم شماره 3 (پاییز 1397)

In the study, the mercury concentrations in water, sediment and plankton in Khor Musa was investigated. The 9 samples of water and sediment were collected from each estuary and a total of 45 samples were taken. Sampling of phytoplankton and zooplankton was collected by net of 20 and 300 µm, respectively. After the concentrations of mercury by cold vapour method was measured using atomic absorption. The results showed that mercury concentrations range from 4.39±0.82 (mean±SE) to 11.66±2.14 µg/L in water and 0.26±0.03 to 0.76±0.04 µg/g of dry weight in sediments. The mercury concentrations 0.02±0.01 To 0.17±0.01 on phytoplankton and 0.10±0.01 to 0.47±0.07 µg/g for zooplankton were measured. The correlation factors showed that mercury concentrations in phytoplankton and zooplankton had significant positive correlation (P <0.05). With the mercury rising mercury concentrations in zooplankton increases in phytoplankton due to the high toxicity of mercury, the possibility of bioaccumulation and bio-magnification in the aquatic organisms and contamination of the waters in the estuary Moses regular monitoring is essential to ensure the health of ecosystems. Therefore, in this study to determine the amount of mercury in low levels of the food, chemical concentrations in water, sediments and plankton were measured in the estuary area of Khor Musa.

The identification and study of diversity in honey bee populations is one of the most important goals in breeding of bees. This study is conducted to compare the morphological characteristics of the Iranian honeybee populations in areas of the North West and West of Iran using geometric morphometric. For this purpose, worker bees were sampled from 111 colonies belonging to the four provinces of East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Ardebil and Hamedan. The front wings of the bees were photographed in standard mode and to extract the wing shape data 19 landmarks were digitalized and defined by morphometric method on the two-dimensional images. Landmark data were analyzed after the Procrustes analysis by multivariate statistical methods of PCA, CVA CDA and cluster analysis. The obtained results showed that the bee populations present significant differences with respect to changes in climate and topography along the East Azerbaijan to the West Azerbaijan. Also the cluster analysis showed that the populations of Ardebil and Hamedan have the least and the populations of the West Azerbaijan and East Azerbaijan have the most difference in terms of their appearance.

According to evolutionary and systematic view, Ovis is one of the most complicated species in mammals. The Iran’s central plateau with high and widespread mountains is an ideal natural habitat for wild sheep. The Haftad Gholleh Protected Area is located in the center of this plateau. Consequently, a large population of these wild sheep species can be found in this area. The present study was carried out with respect to morphological features of wild sheep including horn, color and patterns that was obtained using camera trapping records, quarry as well as direct observation of wild sheep in Haftad Golleh area. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS16 software. The research results indicate that there are three sub-species of wild sheep in Haftad Gholleh Protected Area. Two previous described species namely Armenian (Ovis ammon gmelini) and Isfahan (Ovis orientalis isphahanica) species and one new proposed sub-species or hybrid named as Arak wild sheep (Ovis orientalis arakica). The distribution of Isfahan and Armenian species has extended to Haftad Gholleh Protected Area. The highest number of population in wild sheeps belonged to Isfahan, Arak and Armenian species, respectively. Future study should be focused on parallel morphometric and genetic survey to clarify the status of the proposed sub species in Haftad Gholleh Protected Area

Due to the migration of species in the certain seasons, the protected areas are not able to cover all required areas for the species. So, it is necessary that in the wildlife, the corridors between the protected areas be taken under control and protection. In order to study habitat corridors between the wild sheep of Golparabad region and Ahangaran (Lashgardar) and Lashgardar section of Lashgardar protected area, at first the habitat suitability of mentioned specie by GLM, ANN and SVM Was modeled and then based on 10% threshold, the species habitat suitability maps were converted to the binary map. The validation of models was also performed based on the statistical approach ROC, the maximum kappa index, and TPR index. Results show the suitability of the GLM compared to other two models. Sensitivity analysis of GLM was calculated using kappa maximum method. In order to identify the communication corridors between two existing habitat patches, the reverse habitat suitability map was used as the Friction map and identification of existing corridors was performed by using the electrical circuit theory. The obtained results of the sensitivity analysis of GLM showed that the variables of elevation, land cover classes, distance from the river and distance from the village had the greatest impact on the species distribution. According to the findings, the best range for connecting the habitat patches is within 1.5 kilometers of the Eznaveleh village to Jozan in the limited area with the length of 800 meters.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different doses of trehalose and cysteine on bull frozen-thawed sperm quality. In this study, semen samples were collected from three healthy mature Holstein bulls by an artificial vagina. After primary evaluations, the samples were pooled to eliminate individual effects. Then, semen samples were divided into six equal parts and each part was extended and frozen with one of the following extenders. 1) without cysteine and trehalose (T0C0), 2) Five mM cysteine without trehalose (T0C5), 3) Ten mM cysteine without trehalose (T0C10), 4) A hundred mM trehalose without cysteine (T100C0), 5) Five mM cysteine with 100 mM trehalose (T100C5), 6) Ten mM cysteine with 100 mM trehalose (T100C10). Motility parameters, acrosome and membrane integrity and phosphatidylserine translocation assay were evaluated after thawing. All data were analyzed using a 2×3 factorial trail following data collection. The results of this study showed that cysteine had no effect on motion characteristics, apoptotic status, acrosome integrity and viability (P≥0.05). Also motion parameters, viability, acrosome and membrane integrity, in group without trehalose was higher than group containing that (P≤0.05). Regarding to interactive effects, the T0C10 group had higher amount of viability (P≤0.05) and lower necrotic sperms compared to rest of the groups. Based on the results, it can be concluded that cysteine had no remarkable effect and addition of Trehalose could negatively affects post-thawed bull sperm quality.

Sampling of adult Alburnus chalcoides was conducted randomly in the Bony Fish (Osteichthyes) Center of Shahid Ansari of Rasht. At first, measurements were made to study the morphology of Alburnus chalcoides and then the gastrointestinal tract of this fish was extracted for histological examination. For histological studies, Hematoxylin-eosin staining (H & E), and to investigate the polysaccharide neutralization, Periodic acid Schiff (PAS), and finally for evaluation of the proteins compounds Bromophenol blue (BPB) were used. In the studies, it was observed that the gastrointestinal tract of this fish included the esophagus and intestines. Esophagus was short and has relatively long mucosal shapes and in the intestine, there were also these mucosal shapes with more space apart. Cyprinidae have not real stomach. In the anterior part of the intestine, shapes are more and deeper but the Goblet cells are seen in the posterior part of the intestine. Goblet cells are also observed in both the esophagus and intestinal areas which showed a positive reaction with PAS due to neutral polysaccharide compounds. Protein compounds in the enterocyte cells of the intestine as well as mucosal cells of the esophagus rarely respond to BPB. Reactions with these two colors were also observed in liver cells and hepatopancreas. The results show that the characteristics there are specific variations of species related to the esophagus and the intestines.

The effects of the herbal supplement (Myrtus Communis L.) are studied on growth performance, survival, safety blood and common carp. For this experiment 500 fry carp with an average weight of 2.981 ± 16.153 and in the group of treatment 1 (control) (no additives), treatment 2 (500 ppm) and treatment 3 (700 mm kg) were studied. Feeding at a rate of 3 percent biomass for 60 days. The results of this study showed that supplementation significantly increased plant growth parameters, safety, blood and serum in the two groups receiving the extract compared to the control (p<0.05). Cholesterol parameters (treatment 2 and 3, respectively, 110.76 and 137.54 (mg/di)) and triglycerides (treatment 2 and 3, respectively, 263.83 and 282.16 (mg/di)) in the treatment of the recipient extract compared to the control (cholesterol and triglycerides, respectively, 182.93 and 322.99 (mg/di)) showed a significant reduction (p<0.05). Only calcium on blood biochemical parameters were positively influenced extract (p<0.05) and chlorine, phosphorus and magnesium were not significantly affected (p>0.05).

In this research, histological structures of different parts of kidney (trunk and head kidney) were described in 21fish species from northwest regions of the Persian Gulf. Fishes were anesthetized and then their kidneys with some adjacent vertebral column were collected and fixed in Buin’s solution for histological purposes. Samples were processed according to routin paraffin method sectioned (5 micrometers) and stained (Hematoxylin and Eosin). According to the results, kidneys have two distinct structures including hematopoitic and excretory tissues. Head kidney has more hematopoitic role with nephrons among them. Different types of blood cell such as red blood cell, lymphocytes, monocytes and granolocytes as well as plasmacells, reticular cells and macrophages were observed in head kidney. There were melanomacrophage bodies among hematopoitic tissues in some species. Excretory parts in studied species were included of glomerules and nephric tubules. Neck section, proximal tubule (I and II), distal tubule and collecting tubule were present in nephric tubules. In chondroichthyes such as Grey Bamboo Shark )Chiloscyllium griseum( and stingary )Himantura walga (nephrones have bigger parts in comparison with osteichthyes due to evolutionary aspects

This study, to study the food relationship between Kura goby and Spirlin because feeding both species from benthic invertebrate communities, were performed. Samples were caught on a monthly basis (from April 2012 to March 2013). In laboratory after primary biometry, gastrointestinal systems were removed and using binocular loupe, undigested food in the gut were identified and counted. Based on the results of the index relative length of gut, both species are carnivorous (P<0.05). Food preference index in both species be showed that order of Trichoptera was their main food. Investigation index of Ip with Costello method in Kura goby showed that order of Chironomidae in the spring season was dominant and proprietary prey. Survey this index in Spirlin showed that the Trichoptera in all seasons was public and dominant prey and other prey such as Ephemeroptera, Chironomidae, Simuliidae and crab (only in winter season) were public and rare prey. Food selectivity index (E) in Kura goby in all seasons for Trichoptera and Chironomidae (except spring season) was positive, as well as this index in spirlin in all season for Trichoptera was positive and showed that Spirlin tend to feed of Trichoptera at all seasons of the year. Index of feeding overlap index between showed that the least amount of overlap in the spring and highest of it was in the autumn. Considering to the results it can be stated that because the overlap of these two species in the ecological niche, there is food competition between them

One hundred and eight yellow-fin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) with approximate weight 110±20g, adapted to salinity 20 ppt for 14 days, then challenged suddenly to salinity 5 ppt, 12 ppt, 34 ppt and kept in these salinities for 7 days. Gill samples were taken at 0, 24, 48 hours and 7 day after transfer. At time 0 structure of gill was normal and no changes were recorded in distribution of gill constitutes. Area of chloride cell increased in all groups after salinity challenge, but after one week at 12 and 34 ppt salinity, area of chloride cell decreased. Gill microscopic structure was normal and no changes was recorded in arrangement of the gill components. Size of chloride cell showed increase in fish kept in changed salinities, but decreased in 12 and 34 ppt groups after one week. Some changes including hypertrophy and hyperplasia of gill epithelium, lifting the gill epithelium, hypertrophy of chloride cells, changes in chloride cells area, adhesion Lamella and had an aneurysm were recorded in all groups. Our findings showed that some structural changes was seen in gills of A. latus to be compatible with different salinities