فهرست مطالب

Molecular Biology Research Communications
Volume:4 Issue: 1, Mar 2015

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1394/01/27
  • تعداد عناوین: 6
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  • Hamid Reza Esmaeili, Zeinab Piravar, Mehrgan Ebrahimi, Matthias F. Geiger Pages 1-13
    This study provides new data on chromosomal characteristics and DNA barcoding of three endemic loaches of Iran: spiny southern loach Cobitis linea (Heckel, 1847), Persian stream loach Oxynoemacheilus persa (Heckel, 1848) and Tongiorgi stream loach Oxynoemacheilus tongiorgii (Nalbant & Bianco, 1998). The chromosomes of these fishes were investigated by examining metaphase chromosome spreads obtained from epithelial gill and kidney cells. The diploid chromosome numbers of all three species were 2n=50. The karyotypes of C. linea consisted of 4M + 40SM + 6ST, NF=94; of O. persa by 20M + 22SM + 8ST, NF=90 and of O. tongiorgii by 18M + 24SM + 8ST, NF= 92. Sex chromosomes were cytologically indistinguishable in these loaches. Maximum likelihood-based estimation of the phylogenetic relationships based on the COI barcode region clearly separates the three Iranian loach species of the Kor River basin. All species distinguished by morphological characters were recovered as monophyletic clades by the COI barcodes. The obtained results could be used for population studies, management and conservation programs.
    Keywords: Loaches, Phylogenetic relationships, COI barcode region, idiogram, Iran
  • Thangapalam Abraham, Sayani Banerjee, Avijit Patra, Agniswar Sarkar, Harresh Adikesavalu, Gadadhar Dash Pages 15-24
    Myxosporeans are best known for the diseases they cause in commercially important fish species. Identification of myxosporeans at the species-level is mainly based on conventional methods. The 18S rRNA gene sequence of morphologically identified Myxobolus orissae infecting the gill lamellae of mrigal carp Cirrhinus mrigala was characterized in the present study. The plasmodia of M. orissae were small, elongated and white to pale in colour. Phylogenetically, the 18S rDNA nucleotide sequence of M. orissae was clustered with other gill-infecting Myxobolus spp. of cyprinids. The species closely related to M. orissae was M. koi (FJ841887) infecting the gill lamellae of Cyprinus carpio with 96% similarity. The carp fin-infecting Thelohanellus caudatus (KC865607) from India exhibited only 78% DNA sequence similarity with M. orissae. Low level of M. orissae infection on gill caused thickening of epithelial cells surrounding the plasmodium. Under stressful conditions, it is likely that such infection can easily spread in confined fish and may cause serious disease outbreaks and economical losses.
    Keywords: Cirrhinus mrigal, Myxobolus orissae, Molecular characterization, Phylogenetic relationship
  • Mohammad Rashid Khalighinasab, Khyber Saify, Mostafa Saadat Pages 25-32
    Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs; EC: 2.5.1.18) are ubiquitous multifunctional enzymes, which play a key role in cellular detoxification. Functional genetic polymorphisms in genes encoding GSTM1 (a member of GST class mu; OMIM: 138350), and GSTT1 (a member of GST class theta; OMIM: 600436) have been well defined. The functional null alleles of GSTM1 and GSTT1 represent deletions of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes, respectively. The aim of the present study is to investigate the association between GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms and methamphetamine dependence. The present population-based case-control study was performed in Shiraz (southern Iran). In total, 52 methamphetamine dependence (11 females, 41 males) and 635 healthy controls (110 females, 525 males) were included in this study. The genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms were determined by PCR. Neither GSTM1 (OR=0.92, 95% CI: 0.52-1.61, P=0.771) nor GSTT1 (OR=0.71, 95% CI: 0.33-1.54, P=0.381) null genotypes were significantly associated with risk of methamphetamine dependence. It should be noted that although there was no association between the GSTM1 null genotype and risk of methamphetamine dependence, in both genders, there was significant interaction between gender and GSTM1 polymorphism (P=0.029). The combination genotypes of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms revealed that the genotypes of these two polymorphisms had no additive effect in relation to the susceptibility to methamphetamine dependence. The present study revealed that genetic polymorphisms of GSTT1 and GSTM1 are not risk factors for methamphetamine dependence.
    Keywords: GSTM1, GSTT1, Methamphetamine dependence, Polymorphism
  • Ali Mohammad Foroughmand, Hamid Galehdari, Atefeh Pooryasin, Tahereh Ajam, Seyed Reza Kazemi Nezhad Pages 33-42
    Schizophrenia is a complex disorder with polygenic inheritance. The MTHFR gene (OMIM: 607093) plays an important role in the folate metabolism. It has been suggested that C677T (rs1801133) and A1298C (rs1801131) genetic polymorphisms in the MTHFR gene lead to the decreased activity of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase enzyme which may have significant effect on developing schizophrenia. We used a case-control study to establish the possible association between the C677T and the A1298C polymorphisms and susceptibility to schizophrenia in an Iranian population. The genotypes of the polymorphisms were determined using PCR-RFLP. The data were analyzed by logistic regression model. Data analysis revealed that the combination genotypes of 677CT/1298AA, 677CC/1298CC, 677TT/1298AA, 677CT/ 1298AC and 677CT/1298CC increase the risk of schizophrenia. In order to evaluate the effect of combined genotypes of the three mentioned polymorphic loci, the frequencies of the compound genotypes were compared between control and patient groups (Table 4). Base on the results, the existence of >4 risk factors showed about 32-fold increased risk for schizophrenia (OR=32.3, 95% CI: 5.52-188, P=<0.001).
    Keywords: Association study, Homocysteine, GRIN1, MTHFR, Schizophrenia
  • Mahmoud Houshyarfard, Hamid Rouhani, Mahrokh Falahati-Rastegar, Saeid Malekzadeh-Shafaroudi, Esmat Mahdikhani-Moghaddam Pages 43-55
    Out of fifty-two Iranian nonaflatoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus, which were collected from various substrates (soil and kernel) and sources (peanut, corn and pistachio), fifteen representatives were selected according to their different geographical origins (six provinces: Guilan and Golestan, Ardebil, Fars, Kerman and Semnan) and vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs, IR1 to IR15) for microsatellite-primed PCR analysis. Two inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers AFMPP and AFM13 were used to determine the polymorphism and the relationship among strain isolates. The A. flavus isolates were identified by their morphologies and their identities were confirmed by PCR amplification using the specific primer pair ITS1 and ITS4. The results revealed variations in the percentages of polymorphisms. In ISSR analysis, primers AFMPP and AFM13 generated a total of 18 and 23 amplicons among the fungal strains, which 12 (66.7%) and 22 (95.7%) were polymorphic, respectively. Cluster analysis of ISSR data was carried out by using 1 D DNA gel image analysis. The two dendrograms obtained through these markers showed six different clustering of testing nonaflatoxigenic A. flavus L strains, but we noted that some clusters were different in some cases. The microsatellite-primed PCR data revealed that the Iranian nonaflatoxigenic isolates of A. flavus were not clustered based on their origins and sources. This study is the first to characterize Iranian nonaflatoxigenic isolates of A. flavus using ISSR markers.
    Keywords: Aflatoxin, Molecular marker, Inter, simple sequence repeats, Polymorphism
  • Abdolreza Salehi, Rohallah Sobhani, Mahdi Aminafshar, Mohammad Sayyadnejhad, Khadijeh Nasiri Pages 57-62
    Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) serves in the uterine endometrium during estrous presenting in the bovine mammary gland which is responsible to express interferon-T (IFNT), and is an important agent to encourage the continuation of pregnancy in the ruminants. Significant associations have been found between genes affected by IFNT and genes that are responsible for milk production traits. Semen samples from 101 Iranian Holstein proven bulls were collected to extract the genomic DNA. Forward and reverse primers were designed and a 710-base-pair fragment in intron 1 was amplified using PCR technique. To detect single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), all samples were sequenced. Three positions including 11474 (C/G), 11513 (C/G) and 11646 (A/G) were considered. The 11474C, 11513C and 11646A alleles are known as wild type alleles. In this study all animals were distinguished as the11474C, 11513C and 11646A alleles. Furthermore, amplified fragments were under consideration to detect new SNPs. Only one new SNP in one sample was observed at position 11863 resulting substitution of thymine to cytosine. This new mutation has been registered on the NCBI database with accession number HM597774.
    Keywords: FGF2, SNP, Iranian Holstein, Polymorphism, Candidate gene