فهرست مطالب

Journal of Chemical Health Risks
Volume:8 Issue: 4, Autumn 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/10/16
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
|
  • Justice Obinna Osuoha, Chidiebere Uchenna Iheka, Peter Uchenna Amadi, Idongesit Ekong Archibong, Oluwatoyin Taiwo Adeoti Pages 255-264
    It is very pertinent to carry out environmental studies for the assessment of human health risks associated with heavy metal accumulation of frequently visited environments. By Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd) and, Arsenic (As) were analyzed in top soil samples from Rumuokoro mart (RUM), Choba mart, Mile 3 mart, Mile 1 mart , Town mart (TM), Trans-Amadi mart (TRANS), Boundary mart (BOUND), Oil mill mart (OIL M), Eleme mart (ELE). The concentration of zinc was highest in the mart sites among the other metals. There was pollution with some of the heavy metals at some mart sites. The highest Igeo was found for cadmium at TRANS. The study further established contamination with some of the metals in some of the mart sites as very high contamination with arsenic was observed in RUM. The enrichment factor result obtained revealed that all the metals in all the mart sites occurred as a result of anthropogenic origin except that of lead in MILE 3 that was from natural activities. The levels of average daily intake of all the metals in all the sites were found to be below their respective reference doses. The highest average daily intake of all the metals investigated was observed in zinc at BOUND. No significant health hazard could result from the levels of the metals deposited in the study sites as they did not exceed the reference level at 1.0. RUM is observed as the likely mart site vulnerable to significant health hazards of all sites assessed. Regular environmental assessment should be performed in order monitor and regulate these metals in order to minimize health risks.
    Keywords: Contamination, Hazard, Heavy metal, Anthropogenic, Assessment
  • Hosein Asadi Ghalehni, Vahid Poozesh Pages 265-276
    Soils polluted with toxic elements are one of the major environmental problems in human societies. Sulfur (S), an essential element for the growth and development plants, plays an important role in reducing the toxicity of toxic elements as arsenic. In this study, the role of Sulfur different regimes (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg per kg) in reducing arsenic (As) toxicity in coriander (Coriandrum sativum) was investigated.  The obtained results indicated that Sulfur application increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and photosynthetic pigments, but it’s decreased the arsenic induced oxidative stress. Reduction of shoot and root biomass occurred in presence of sulfur different regimes and As various concentrations. S supplement under high As concentration increased protein content of shoot. Different S regimes resulted in enhanced both shoot and root As accumulation. Meanwhile, different treatments of sulfur allowed high translocation of As quantities from root to shoot.  It is well illustrated that phytoextraction is one of the best methods for toxic metals phytoremediation. Thus from present study it is evident that the phytoremediation ability of plants for accumulates toxic metals may be enhanced through exogenous sulfur application.
    Keywords: Ammonium sulfate, Arsenic nitrate, Coriander, Toxic elements
  • Mosummath Hosna Ara, Uttam Kumar Mondal, Palash Kumar Dhar , Md. Nazim Uddin Pages 277-287
    This research was carried out to estimate the concentrations of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd) and to assess the human health risk. Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), Hazard Index (HI) and Target Cancer Risk (TCR) were measured and the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks were calculated. The concentrations of Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn except Cd and Pb were below the permission limit proposed by the joint FAO/WHO. Transfer factor of heavy metals from soil to vegetables was calculated and the decreasing order was Cu (0.786) > Cd (0.759) > Zn (0.569) > Pb (0.432) > Mn (0.167) > Fe (0.050). Assessment of non-carcinogenic health hazards by THQ indicated no concern for individual Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn except Cd and Pb. But the combined impact of all metals (HI = 8.64775) was very high than the acceptable limit of 1.0 for all vegetables. So, the consumption of these vegetables were the prime concern for non-carcinogenic health effects and all metals together may affect the human health as revealed by HI. The probability of developing cancer from the consumption of studied vegetable was greater than USEPA threshold risk limit (>10–5) for Mn (2.8E–3), Pb (1.17E–4) and Cu (9.5E–4); (> 10–3) for Zn (2.15E–2) and Fe (1.45E–1). These values indicated moderate cancer risk for Mn, Cu and Pb, high cancer risk for Fe and Zn whereas Cd showed low cancer risk from this study area.
    Keywords: Heavy metal, Transfer factor, Non-carcinogenic effect, Carcinogenic effect
  • Meysam Akbarzadeh, Mohammad Taghi Vardini , Gholam Reza Mahdavinia Pages 289-304
    The novel magnetic carboxymethyl chitosan/poly (acrylic amide) hydrogel (m-CMC-PAMH) was prepared using magnetic montmorillonite (m-MMT) and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) techniques. Results showed that m-CMC-PAMH has been prepared successfully properties without damaging the crystal structure of Fe3O4. Adsorption capacity of Crystal Violet (CV) on the m-CMC-PAMH was 72.4 mg/g. The CV adsorption well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm equations. The positive value of the enthalpy change ΔH° (23.5 kJ/mol) showed that the adsorption was endothermic and physical in nature. The value of Gibbs free energy change ΔG° was found to be -9.7 kJ/mol at 295 K for m-CMC-PAMH, which shows spontaneity of the CV adsorption. So, m-CMC-PAMH can be used as a low-cost alternative to other adsorbents for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions.
    Keywords: Crystal Violet (CV), Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), Magnetic montmorillonite (m-MMT), Kinetics of adsorption, Langmuir isotherm
  • Khalil Pourshamsian Pages 305-312
    Oxazines naturally occurs and synthetically exhibit wide-ranging biological activity. In this study, a highly practical and efficient of 1,2-dihydro-1-phenylnaphtho[1,2-e][1,3]oxazine-3-one derivatives was developed via a multi-component reaction of 2-naphthol, aldehydes and urea in the presence of nano-titanium oxide as solid, recyclable catalyst at one-pot and solvent-free conditions. These synthetic compounds 2a-e were evaluated as potential antibacterial agents. The structures of products were confirmed by spectral analysis FT-IR and 1H NMR. The antibacterial activity of the compounds was screened against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. These results showed that these compounds exhibited significant to moderate activities against both Gram (+) and Gram (-) organisms. 
    Keywords: Antibacterial agents, Naphthooxazinones, Nano-TiO2, Eco-friendly catalyst
  • Maryam Rezaee, Shahram Shoeibi, Kamal Razavi, Azarkhiavi, Mahmoud Ebrahimi Pages 313-321
    Dicyandiamide (DCD) is a nitrogenous compound which is generally used as a fertilizer, antimicrobial and nitrogen enrichment agent in soil. Grass and drinking water contamination with DCD may lead to presence of the chemical residues in milk and infant formula. The aim of this study was to investigate a rapid, simple and accurate method for quantitation of DCD in infant formula using electromemebrane extraction with reinforced hallow fiber by graphene oxide (GO-EME). The extraction method was optimized by solvent, graphene oxide concentration, voltage, stirring speed, pH and time parameters. After extraction, DCD was analyzed by HPLC coupled with UV/Vis detector. The analytical method validation parameters including accuracy, precision, LOD and LOQ were determined to ensure the method's validity.The calibration curve with a correlation ratio of 0.999 was obtained. The recoveries were from 78.0% to 80.0%. The LOD and LOQ were 0.04 mg L-1 and 0.1 mg L-1. This study indicates that the graphen oxide-electromembrane extraction is a simple, accurate and rapid method for determination of DCD in infant formula.
    Keywords: Dicyandiamide, Electromembrane, Graphen oxide, Infant formula
  • Masoud Shaabanzadeh, Maryam Bikhof Torbati Pages 323-328
    The 2-pyrazoline derivatives have a wide range of biological effects, such as anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-depressant and anti-cancer effects. Studies have shown that compounds containing 2-pyrazoline along with another heterocycles may show more effective biological properties. In this study, a 2-pyrazoline derivative with a spiro-indenoquinoxaline ring at C3 position was synthesized by one-pot microwave-assisted method and its chemical structure was confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The cytotoxic effects of the compound were evaluated on the K562 cell line and phytohemagglutinin-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PHA+PBMC) by MTT assay. Additionally, the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin on these cells were investigated and compared with those of 2-pyrazoline. The IC50 values obtained from the 2-pyrazoline derivative effects on the K562 cell line and PHA+PBMC cells were 45 and 55 μg/mL respectively, while cisplatin inhibited proliferation of the same cells with IC50 value 1.71 and 7.8 μg/mL respectively. The results of this study showed that the synthesized derivative had a cytotoxic activity on the K562 cancer cell line at higher concentrations than cisplatin.
    Keywords: 2-Pyrazoline, Indenoquinoxaline, Anticancer, Cytotoxic effect, Leukemia, K562 cell line, PBMC