فهرست مطالب

Enteric Pathogens - Volume:6 Issue: 2, May 2018

International Journal of Enteric Pathogens
Volume:6 Issue: 2, May 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/03/25
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
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  • Mohammad Zibaei * Pages 31-32
    Helminth or worm therapy is a type of immunoassay that includes the treatment of autoimmune diseases and immune disorders, using intentional contamination by the different stages of parasite such as eggs, larvae or adult worms. All parasitic worms cannot be harmful and damage to the body, because due to evidence, people who are regularly infected with worms have low levels of autoimmune diseases. These observations have led to a health hypothesis that states in developing countries environments with high hygiene levels is responsible for causing chronic allergies and asthma. It also this theory indicates that in complete health conditions and free of any parasitic infections, we develop immune system impairment such as uncontrollable inflammation, which in turn leads to a worm therapeutic, targeted experimental infection with parasitic worms. In some countries such as Germany, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have agreed consumer safety and the relative suitability of parasitic worms as treatment strategy for a wide range of autoimmune disorders and believes that such treatments can include the addition of a pill or a drug derived from parasites in food or drinks. Therefore, the term "Worm therapy" is rapidly increasing, although the scientific evidence in support of it is suspicious. Several studies showed that the worms can be secreted anti-inflammatory proteins. Also, investigates revealed that helminthic infections help patients with asthma, allergies, type I diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, and multiple sclerosis.
  • Abdolmajid Ghasemian, Farshad Nojoomi, Mona Mahrooghi, Seyede Amene Mirforoughi * Pages 33-35
    Context: Staphylococci spp, are enterotoxin-producing zoonotic agents causing a variety of infections such as mastitis in animals and wound bite infections in humans. This review was conducted to determine the prevalence of Staphylococci infections especially to uncover enterotoxin-producing species in Iran. Evidence acquisition: for this review, words of "Staphylococcus", "zoonotic", "prevalence", "animals", "human" and "Iran" were searched in the internet engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Google, Science Direct and so on. Patients with no history of contact with animals were also included in the study for comparison aims. Both veterinary and human coagulase positive isolates were included. Data was analyzed with Graph Pad Prism 6, meta-analysis section. A total of 20 previous studies (450 clinical samples) were found. S. intermedius was the predominant isolate identified in veterinary sources. Other coagulase positive spp such as S. hycus and S. simulans were isolated with lower prevalence, but S. delphini has not been detected.
    Conclusion
    S. intermedius was the most isolate identified in veterinary sources with potential of causing infections in humans. Other coagulase positive spp such as S. hycus and S. simulans were isolated with lower prevalence, but S. delphini was not detected.
    Keywords: Staphylococcus intermedius, enterotoxins, zoonotic infections
  • Leila Gheitani, Hossein Fazeli *, Sharareh Moghim, Bahram Nasr Isfahani Pages 36-40
    Background And Objectives
    Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram negative opportunistic pathogen that causes different infections, but in recent years the emergence of resistance to carbapenem antibiotic among these isolates causes failure in the treatment of these infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of carbapenemase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains among different wards and various clinical specimens in Isfahan.
    Material and
    Method
    In this cross sectional study, 100 different clinical samples were collected from different wards of teaching hospitals in Isfahan. K. pneumonia isolates were identified by different standard biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed as standard disk-diffusion based on the instructions of Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). For detection of KPC-producing strains, isolates were investigated by The Modified Hodge Test based on CLSI instruction.
    Results
    The population study was included 62% females and 38% males (p=0.01). The highest and the lowest rate of resistance were observed for piperacillin (84%) and ertapenem (50%) respectively. The Modified Hodge Test was positive for 68 (68%) isolates that the highest rate of resistance was observed for piperacillin (91/2%) and cefotaxime (83/8%) .
    Conclusion
    This study demonstrates the high prevalence of carbapenemase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates ,Which shows an urgent need to review and modify the pattern of antibiotic consumption. In addition, In the later studies genotypic methods for all carbapenemase genes should be performed to determine the cause of the resistance.
    Keywords: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Carbapenemase, Modified Hodge Test
  • Saloumeh Tahmasebi Tehrani, Naser Harzandi *, Leila Jabalameli Pages 41-44
    Background
    Shigella bacteria can infect human body by taking contaminated food and water and are transmitted from person to person. Human body is the only natural host for these bacteria.
    Objective
    The aim of this study was to detect Shigella contamination in pre-packed samples of salads at restaurants in western regions of Tehran city using PCR method.
    Methods
    To conduct this research, 90 samples were purchased from the restaurants during the period of June to November 2016. The samples were cut into very small pieces, homogenized and a 25g portion of these samples was added to 225 ml of Shigella broth media containing novobiocin and incubated for 24 hours. Then DNA of cultured samples was extracted using DNPTM kit (CinnaGen, Iran) and PCR method was optimized for amplification of 613 bp segment of ipaH gene and performed on extracted DNA of all samples (before and after enrichment in Shigella broth).
    Results
    Shigella contamination was detected in 7(7.8%) and 20(22.2%) of the tested samples before and after the enrichment, respectively.
    Conclusion
    The results showed the contamination with Shigellabacteria in remarkable percentage of the samples and revealed the necessity of more attention and supervision in the processes of production and distribution of pre-packed salads. Besides, the findings points to the importance of enrichment in increasing the sensitivity of the PCR method to detect the bacteria in food samples.
    Keywords: Shigella, Pre, packed salads, ipaH Gene, Tehran, PCR
  • Farshad Nojoomi, Mahtab Vafaee, Hassan Rajabivardanjani * Pages 45-47
    Objective
    the aim of this study was determination of antibiotic resistance profile, investigation of class I and II integrons among Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates from urinary tract infections. This study was conducted for the investigation of the prevalence of class I and II Integrons among E. coli Isolates from urinary tract infections.
    Materials And Methods
    A total of 100 E. coli clinical isolates were collected from urinary tract infections in Borujerd city, Iran, from… to …. All the isolates were identified with standard laboratory procedures as described everywhere. The antibiotic susceptibility profile was conducted against adopted antibiotic disks following CLSI 2016 guidelines. All the isolates were enrolled in the PCR technique for the presence of class I and II integrons.
    Results
    the highest resistance was against amoxicillin (72%), ciprofloxacin (69%), nalidixic acid (55%) and tetracycline (51%). The prevalence of class I and II integrons was 31% and 21%, respectively. A significant relation was observed between resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (p
    Conclusion
    considering the significant relation observed between the presence of class I integron among multidrug-resistant isolates, establishment implementation of proper procedures to control and suitable treatment strategies in hospitals seems essential for the prevention of more spread of these isolates.
    Keywords: Escherichia coli, antibiotic resistance, integrons, urinary tract infections
  • Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal, Freshteh Fani, Zahra Rajabi, Mohsen Karami-Talab, Hedroosha Molla Agha Mirzaei * Pages 48-52
    Aim: In this study we focused on evaluating the prevalence of ESBL enzymes genes that are including CTX-M, SHV, TEM β-lactamase among E. coli isolates in foodborne outbreak.
    Background
    Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) has known as enzymes that are responsible for creating of high level of antimicrobial resistance in gram negative microorganism especially in E.coli. -Therefore, survey and identify of generating genes of these enzymes can be effective in controlling of resistance and helpful in using of appropriate βlactam drug against them.
    Material and
    Methods
    Five hundredstool samples are including diarrhea with nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, fever and headache were selected by IMVIC biochemical test for E.coli . By making antimicrobial susceptibility test base on CLSI and using disk diffusion method and confirmatory test (combined disk) ,ESBLs samples were determined. Subsequently polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed for the following relative genes.
    Result
    The highest - resistance in E. coli isolates was related to ampicillin (56%) -ESBLs positive were showed in (36%) samples , after PCR prosseccing the prevalence of SHV, TEM and CTX-M1 genes was (0%) , (18%) and (38%) respectively.
    Conclusions
    Due to the prevalence of β-lactamase genes , accurate and rapid identification methods as PCR assay is essential. So, this can be considered as routine methods.
    Keywords: Escherichia coli, TEM, CTX, M, SHV, PCR
  • Enayatollah Kalantar, Mojgan Mirzaei, Parviz Fallah, Ali Ehsan Heidari, Fatemeh Rahimi, Sadegh Saedi, Mohsen Arabi, Hosain Dehghan * Pages 53-54
    We present a case of Salmonella gastroenteritis due to consumption of raw vegetables and water in the farm field.A 62 year-old female from north of Iran was travelling to Karaj. In the way to Karaj, the patient consumed raw unwashed vegetables from the farm field. After a few hours she complained the gastrointestinal disturbances. She admitted to the emergency department for evaluation of frequent severe watery diarrhea. Stool culture was taken at admission time which found positive for Salmonella group B; which was sensitive to Ceftriaxon, Amikacin, Co-trimoxazole, Nalidoxoc acid, Nitrofurantoin, Piperacillin and Ciprofloxacin. Treatment was initiated with Metronidazole and Ciprofloxacin resulting in rapid improvement of the patient’s symptoms. The patient was discharged after 3 days hospital admission. She has remained well without evidence of recurrence of symptoms during a 2-month follow-up period.
    Keywords: Salmonella, gastroenteritis, Alborz