Physical Treatments Journal
Volume:3 Issue: 4, 2014

Athletes have the high potential to positional and kinematics alternations in scapula. Various factors such as body mass index and sports experience can affect the scapular position and kinematics in athletes. Therefore, we discussed, in this research, the effect of body mass index and sports experience on scapular kinematics in basketball players. Thirty healthy male basketball players aged between 20 to 31 years old were simple non-randomly tested. One examiner measured the minimum distance between inferior angle of scapula and spinous process of T7 (scapular index) using digital caliper in neutral, 90 degrees of abduction, 90 degrees of scaption and 180 degrees of elevation of shoulder. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship of body mass index and sports experience with scapular kinematics. BMI had a significant correlation with the index of scapula in neutral position (r=0.38, p=0.04 in right side and r=0.39, p=0.03 in left side) and 180 degrees of elevation (r=0.48, p=0.007 in right side and r=0.45, p=0.01 in left side). Basketball sports experience also showed a significant correlation with scapular index only in180 degrees of elevation of shoulder. (r=0.49, p=0.006 in right side and r=0.38, p=0.03 in left side) Of course, the correlation was not seen in 90 degrees of abduction and scaption. The positive relationship of scapular kinematics with body mass index and sports experience can be know as a compensatory positional strategy over time in basketball players.

The purpose of this investigation is the study of the effect of ankle taping on dynamic stability and active range of motion in the female athletes with and without chronic ankle instability. 22 female athletes participated in this investigation: 12 subjects with chronic ankle instability and 12 healthy subjects. Time to stabilization measured with force plate in the anterior-posterior (APTTS), medial-lateral (MLTTS) and vertical directions and active range of motion measured by universal goniometer before and after closed basket weave ankle taping. Paired t-test was used to evaluate the results before and after taping. A level of p≤0.05 was considered significant. There were no statistically significant findings in medial-lateral, anterior-posterior and vertical TTS before and after taping in healthy group (p= 0.77, 0.33, 0.44). In injured group, there was a statistically significant finding just in vertical TTS before and after taping (p=0.001). There were statistically significant findings in range of motion of dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion and eversion before and after taping in healthy group (p = 0.004, 0.000, 0.04, 0.003) and injured group (p= 0.021, 0.001, 0.001, 0.001). Taping can improve dynamic instability in some directions in subjects with chronic ankle instability.

The purpose of this study was the association between urinary disorder (UD), spastic hypertonia and assistive device with falling. In this analytical cross sectional study, 140 participants with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score below 7; aged 20 to 55 years were divided into two groups according to their reports of falls in the past 6 months. Participants selected from Tehran outpatient clinics by convenient sampling. The presence or absence of UD, fall history and using assistive device was recorded by self-report. In addition, spastic hypertonia was assessed by Ashworth scale in knee extensors and ankle plantar flexors muscles for lower extremities. Finally, we used Mann whitney, chi-square test and Spearman correlation coefficient for analyzing. We found more UD, spastic hypertonia and using assistive device in MS with history of falling compared with MS without history of falls (P < 0.05). Additionally, the direct and significant relationship existed between UD, spastic hypertonia and using assistive device with falls. MS people with history of falls that have UD, spastic hypertonia and using assistive device are in risk of falling than MS patients without history of falling.

The aim of the current study was to measure ground reaction force and center of pressure (COP) during lower extremity perturbation in single leg standing whit knee flexion and extension in healthy subjects, in addition to revealing reliability of the device used for the related perturbation for using another studies, reliability is one of the characteristic of measuring instrument, this indicates that measuring instrument to what extent in the same conditions gives the same results. perturbation device was built firstly, rotational perturbation (trunk and femur rotation on weigh bearing tibia) were applied to the dominant leg of 13 healthy subjects during single leg standing. Four models of rotational perturbation (external and internal tibial rotation with knee flexion and extension) were applied to the lower extremities to collect ground reaction force and centre of pressure in these subjects. Subjects attached to lower extremity perturbation device and standing whit single leg on force plate. Subjects were then asked to repeat the tests procedure after a week’s interval. The intra class correlation coefficient and Cronbanch's Alpha values during within and between sessions tests for four models of rotational distributions showed the relatively high reliability of these measurements during single leg standing, the intra class correlation coefficient exceeded 0.7 in all dominants. The relatively high reliability of ground reaction force and centre of pressure measurements during four different perturbations of external and internal tibial rotation with knee flexion and extension in healthy subjects suggests that these measurements can be used during single leg standing in future studies.

Recent research indicated that the brain can change or reorganize itself after stroke and Stroke rehabilitation based on the evidence of neuroplasticity, which is responsible for recovery following stroke. The purpose of the present study was to review the previously published studies concerning effective of rehabilitation techniques in brain plasticity after stroke. A literature search for the period of 1995-2012 was performed, using ProQuest, google scholar, PubMed, Elsevier and science direct databases. Brain plasticity, stroke,CVA, rehabilitation training were used as keywords. eighteen articles were selected according to the inclusion criteria of the study. There was a wide variation among studies in terms of methodology, main outcome measures, sample size,procedure, imaging parameters and type of rehabilitation techniques, etc. The results demonstrated that there is adequate evidence to support effective of rehabilitation techniques in brain plasticity and adaptation after stroke.

because thoracolumbar region is highly exposed to serious impairments, the different aspects of treatment in this region have been largely evaluated.Non-operative treatment in the situations not involved in neurologic impairments, has shown satisfying results. Body jacket and Jewett orthoses are among one of the Non-operative choices of treatment which there is a gap in the literature about their ability to restricting motion in the thoracolumbar region. Although more efficient orthosis in restricting movement of different parts of vertebral column have been mentioned by orthotics text, those preferences have not been achieved by scientific studies and precise biomechanical evaluation between different motion planes. The purpose of this research is to determine the degree of differences between two orthosis and non-orthosis option in restricting thoracolumbar movements. this is a before and after interventional experimental study performed in the research center of Isfahan rehabilitation college with the benefit of motion analysis equipment. All participants including 10 male university students with average age of (23±3) who had no history of musculoskeletal impairments as well as osteoporosis performed 6 motion including flexion-extension-left lat flex-right lat flex-left rot-right rot in the 3 positions(1-with body jacket orthosis-2-with jewett orthosis-3-no orthosis)and meanwhile range of motion was recorded. Variance analysis as well as kruskall-walis analysis was performed in the confidence interval of 95%by SPSS19 software, to statistically analyzing the data. Resuls:according to this research, there are significant differences between three interventions in the movements of forward flexion-lateral flexion and rotation in the thoracolumbar region(p=0/000).However, when it comes to sagittal plane movements in the upper thoracic region there is no difference between two orthoses and no orthosis option(p=0/124) according to the results of this study, body jacket orthosis plays an important role in restricting motions of thoracolumbar region in the frontal plane (lateral flexion), although, jewett orthosis is more efficient to control transverse plane movements (rotation) than body jacket. two orthoses have similarly shown more effectiveness in controlling sagittal plane movements in the thoracolumbar region in comparison with non -orthosis situation.

The aim of this study was to compare effectiveness of stabilization exercises with maximum Isometric exercises on crossed sectional area of deep flexor muscles, pain and disability in Chronic Neck Pain. In clinical trail study fifty patients with chronic neck pain were recruited. Subjects were randomly assigned to either a stabilization (n=25) or a maximum isometric exercise group (n=25). Before and after intervention (4,8,12 weeks) pain was assessed with visual analog scale (ordinal), disability (ordinal) with Neck Stability Index (NDI) and crossed sectional Area with sonography device. A 48 session exercise program which 8 weeks. six session per week, and per session was performed for both groups. Repeated measurement of analysis variance, Independent t-test and paired t-test were used for comparison between pretreatment and post treatment test results between groups and within groups, respectively. The mean neck pain decreased in the stabilization group and maximum isometric group (p=0/482). The mean disability (NDI) decreased with significant difference in both groups (p<0/001). The mean Cross Sectional Area (CSA) of deep flexor muscles increased in stabilization group (P<0/001) but no changed in maximum isometric exercises group (P>0/05) This study showed that neck specific stabilization exercises and maximum isometric exercises decrease pain, disability but stabilization exercises was more useful than maximum isometric procedure and increase CSA of deep flexor muscles occurred in both sides in specific stabilization exercises group.

Children with cerebral palsy have various movement and balance disorders. The lopsided anatomy of spastic cerebral palsy children, disrupt the balance function. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of core stability exercises on control of the static and dynamic posture in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Participants were eight children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy selected by the simple, convenient method. Static balance was measured by force plate in the open eyes condition, dynamic balance by Y Balance Test (YBS) and the severity of cerebral palsy by Gross Motor Function Classification System) GMFCS(. Cerebral palsy children carried out core stability exercises progressively 3 times a week for 8 weeks, each session lasting 45 minutes. Paired t-test was used for statistical analysis of the data to compare pre and post-test scores in the subjects. The significance level was set at p≤0/05. There was no significant difference in the excursion of center of pressure in anterior - posterior (p=0.124) and medial-lateral (p=0.202) directions before and after exercise in children with cerebral palsy however, a significant increase in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral path length and total velocity was found (p =0.000). Comparison of the average dynamic balance score revealed significant increase after the intervention on both right and left legs in the anterior (p=0.015 and 0.183, respectively), posterior-lateral (p=0.005 and 0.004, respectively) and posterior-medial directions (P= 0.048 and 0.050, respectively) except for left foot in the anterior direction. Core stability exercises can improve dynamic balance in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy while seems to have no considerable effect on static balance improvement of these children.