مجله پژوهش های کاربردی در مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 11 (زمستان 1393)

The purpose of this study was Content analysis of online and high circulation newspapers with emphasis on the coverage of Sports Development Master Plan document components. The research method was analytical- descriptive that performed with Content analysis.. The statistic population was 10 high circulation national newspaper online archives in the 2012. Data collection performed with Reliable cheek list، For Data analysis used descriptive statistics method and chi Square test by of SPSS 2 software. Results showed that in 720 newspapers studied in this article، 82/7% had one page and less than one page sports content and 17/3% more than one page. 48% news relating to professional sports، 40% Championship sport، 4% sport for the disabled، 3% women sport، 1%sport for all and 1 educational sport. As well as the chi-square test results for categories، components and sex showed a significant difference (P≤ 0/001). Therefore national newspapers should be aware of the important role of sport in society. They must use their special position to motivate people to take part in total sport areas and help to country sport development.

The purpose of this research was a Comparative Study of how to finance the professional football clubs in Iran and England''s premier leagues. That was an applied research and implemented in descriptive & analytical method. Data collection was done through investigating of documents and also with use of Researcher made questionnaire. Face and content validity of the questionnaire has been studied by professionals and financial experts’ opinion and Construct validity was confirmed using exploratory factor analysis. Validity of the questionnaire has been obtained through Cronbach''s alpha (α 0/89). The statistical population includes Statistical research community، all football clubs in Iran''s Premier League and England that were selected available three clubs from England and five clubs from Iran as samples. Result showed there was a significant difference between methods of financing English & Iranian professional football clubs. Most of Iranian clubs funding by government and industry based (65%) while most of English clubs are private and funding by television broadcasting rights 31%)،matchdayincome (21%) and Cash flow from business (22%). Some major barriers to financing Iran professional football league clubs are as follows the state-run clubs، Lack of financial transparency، IRIB rejection to pay the media broadcasting right to the clubs، Failure to comply with copyright law in Iran، Football competition schedules، club marketing management، lack of awareness of club manager from new methods of financing، Limited use of creative directors with financial and business expertise in different levels of football industry.

This study aims to investigate feasibility of ecotourism and sports tourism in Kurdistan. The material of this study is a descriptive survey and based on objective is of applicable. The research population comprising: sport expert agencies and cultural heritage and tourism office of Kurdistan، that 48 subjects worked with researchers. The assessment tool is a questionnaire. The reliabilitycoefficient of questionnaire is obtained 0. 87 that is desired and acceptable. The result of study show that Nesar’s mountains protected area of Bijar، Qezel- uzan river، Ghamchaghi castle (Salavat Abad village). are respectively priority of Bijar’s ecotourism، and Zariwar lake، Awraman village، the forests of Marivan، Piazhe’s mountains and Mianeh are respectively priority of Marivan’s ecotourism، the result of the factor analysis show that Zariwar lake in Marivan and Nesar mountains and protected areas of Bijar have the highest power in sport tourism، that were identified by the order of load factor with power of Boating (0. 89)، ski (0. 84)، water skiing (0. 81)، walking to the mountain (0. 701) and hiking 0. 78). According To results of this study، we suggest that with investment in making the sport‘s places with a full complement of safety، especially equipped the installations and holding of National and international sports competitions in ski، walking to the mountain، hiking، water skiing and boating can be effective step to attract tourists to this area.

This research aims to validate and factor analysis of Fan Based Brand Equity (FBBE) questionnaire of football in Iranian super league clubs that was descriptive-analysis and done through survey method. The statistic society was football club fans of 13thfootball super league and sample society was 880 of chosen seven clubs using Qucran sampling method done by available sample using random category and clustering methods. The instrument was author made questionnaire of FBBE. Total reliability was (CVI=0. 91) and validity was surveyed in 2 pilot methods of test-retest (ICC= 0. 89) and Chronbach that showed upper than 0. 8 for 52 questions and lower for 2 ones، that were eliminated from questionnaire finally. Firstly، data were analyzed for descriptive of mean، Std. frequencies، percentiles and charts، then، descriptive statistical were evaluated for all variables. Using KS showed that distribution was normal، and Amos were used for exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results showed that collected data are in line with research theory model with amounts of 20. 86 for Chi-Square and 0. 066 for significant that is more than 0. 05. (GFI) is 0. 984 that is a desirable amount for Model fitting. (RMSEA) is 0. 064 and considering that the amount is less than 0. 07 it can be rule to acceptance of research model. (TLI) index is 0. 968، (CFI) index is 0. 989 and (PNFI) is 0529 that all are showing desired fitting and acceptance of research model. The results of Regression estimation show that traits and brand association benefits factors have no relation on loyalty of Iranian super league fans. Brand association attitudes and brand identification factors have direct and significant relation with loyalty to brand in Iranian super league fans.

This study aims to determine the factors affecting the social capital of employees in the sport organization. The method applied in this research was descriptive – correlation. The statistical population consisted of employees in general office of sport and youth of Khorasan Razavi Province. Based on Morgan and Krejcie’s sample size table، 86 employees as the sample population were considered (n=86). The research Instrument was the “social capital questionnaire” (Akbari، 2012) comprised 26 items with 7 factors. The content and face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by expert university panel. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to test the reliability of the questionnaires in pilot study. The reliability of questionnaire was 0. 87. The result of structural equation modeling analysis showed that factors of empowerment and education، identity، co-ownership and teamwork، commitment، trust، information and knowledge، help and assistance had the highest impact in the form of social capital respectively (χ2 [14] =36. 741،P<. 05; CFI=. 94; GFI=. 93; RMSEA=0. 01). Therefore Sport organizations to maintain and promotion its position in society، can Invest in the factors obtained in this study in order to provide the social capital.

This study aims to determine questionnaire validity and reliability of customer loyalty in sport. The statistical population of this study was the pools and private clients in Mashhad unlimited number formed. Using a sample of 382 persons was determined through Cochran formula and were selected randomly. Measurement Instrument was a questionnaire of 8 questions of customer loyalty Lee (2008) included 2 subscales (behavioral and attitude). Methods of structural equation has been implemented in the field. Validity of questionnaire was accepted after translating by professors of sport management and specialists. Statistical methods were descriptional indexes for describing data، Cronbach`s alpha for determining validity، analysis of an accepting factor to determine the validity. Analytical results showed (α =0. 86) reliability for loyalty questionnaire. All factors had a significant relationship with concept loyalty in reliability of Structure، the amount of relationship and T-value. X2/df=2. 85، RMSEA=0. 096 indexes and NFI=0. 93، NNFI=0. 94، CFI=0. 96، IFI=0. 96، RFI=0. 90 and GFI=0. 94 also confirmed appropriateness of models. Also، the results about the relationships of factors with the meaning of loyalty showed that all factors could be a good predictor for the concept of loyalty، finally internal and external validity of customer loyalty model was accepted.

This study concerns the relationship between organizational culture and creativity as well as productivity among Payame Noor university physical education faculty members. Accordingly، a co relational-descriptive method has been employed for this study. The population of the study comprises 87 Payame Noor university physical education faculty members selected by total inclusion of the population. The data were collected by some standard questionnaires such as Robin’s organizational culture questionnaire (1996)، Rendsip’s creativity questionnaire (1979) and Echio’s productivity questionnaire (1980). Moreover، the content validity of the given questionnaires was determined by an expert panel. Besides، the normality of the data distribution was attested by Kolmograph-Smirnov test not to mention the correlation between variables has been verified by Pearson correlation co-efficient. The results of the study revealed that organizational culture such as organizational identity، considering controversies، management support، organizational consistency، taking risks، clear goals، bonus system had a significant correlation with the creativity of PNU faculty members، whereas، organizational identity، individual creativity and control did not have a significant correlation with the creativity of the mentioned members. Furthermore، it has been found that some factors of organizational culture such as organizational relationships، bonus system، organizational consistency، control and individual creativity had a significant correlation with the productivity of PNU faculty members، however، factors such as considering controversies، organizational identity، clear goals، taking risks and management support did not confirm a significant correlation with the productivity of PNU faculty members.

This study intends to investigate the Performance of Sabah project on Training of swimming skills to students. It also tries among study the difficulties of its better application from the point of trainers and experts view. The study included two sections: one is quasi- experimental and the other is descriptive. In quasi- experimental section، a sample of 30 students within age range of 8. 34±5. 98 and BMI of 23. 98±2. 05 are randomly selected and tested in a pre-test and post-test order. In the descriptive section the population included all the trainers and experts of the project in education and schooling offices in Orumieh (N=43). The instrument used in this section was a researcher made questionnaire including 4 sections of facilities، environment، management and programming، those related to the trainers and problems related to the students. Face validity and content validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by the experienced professors in the field of physical Training. Its Construct validity was also confirmed through use of factor analysis (p=0. 00، df=43، AGFI= 0. 91). The reliability of the test was 0. 85. The tests used for data analysis as follows: Friedman، U Mann Whitney and Wilcoxon. Results showed that in all of the swimming skills there is a meaningful difference between pre-test and post-test. regarding the difficulties، the analysis showed that problems are mostly related to facilities، trainers، management and programming and students، respectively. The findings of the study show that the project has been successful but it surely is far away from the defined goals. By providing appropriate facilities and with a good programming and management، we can pave the way for a better Training and learning.

The aim of this study was an analytical study on pro/anti-social behaviors of athletes of individual and team sports during their leisure time. This study is an applied and descriptive survey study that is conducted in the field. The population of the study consisted of 340 national team athletes in 23 team and individual sports. The sample consisted of 181 subjects were randomly selected according to Morgan table. The instrument of study was a Researchers developed questionnaire has which been arranged based on the Republic Islamic of Iran police force. Content validity was reported 0/84 using Lavish model (1975) by a group of experts. In order to assess the reliability of the questionnaire, test - retest and internal reliability was used that values of 0/91 and 0/87 were respectively reported. The mean and standard deviation were used to describe the data. Kolmogorov Smirnov test, Levine's test, ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc test, Fisher's Exact test and t-test were used to analyze the data. The most important results of this study was significant differences between the sports type and anti-social behavior of team sports athletes in leisure time and between team and individual sports athletes in antisocial activities.

This research aims to explain Indicators that have influence on success of sports teams in international events. Statically society was coaches، athletes and executive directors for individual sports federations (which randomly selected four-Federations: wrestling، Lifting، Track and field، Taekwondo) and was also the director of the national olympic committee and ministry of sport and youth that 153 person finally respond to questionnaire. Data gathering tool was that standardized questionnaire elite sports climate (De Bosscher،2011) which consists of 95 questions. Content validity was assessed by related experts and the reliability of the questionnaire through a pilot study with 30 patients and Cronbach’s Alpha (0/93) respectively. Through path analysis affecting factors on success of sports teams have been studied. The results showed that two factors external funding Financial support and Elite sport Environment With standardized coefficients 0/4 and 0/048 through structure of sport policies have indirect effect on sporting success respectively. Also Talent identification variable With standardized coefficients the 0/348 has the maximum effect and post-Career Support With standardized coefficients the 0/134 has the minimum effect in sporting success. Finally، sport administrators and policy makers can identify success factors investment and favorable focus on these factors.