نشریه اخلاق وحیانی
سال چهارم شماره 2 (پیاپی 7، پاییز و زمستان 1393)

The main question of this research is that what the Islamic moral tools are for providing international security? In other words, how can stop the war and bring peace and security to the people of the world? In the current situation we need to explain the importance of this question, because human security in the world today suffers from degeneration. The writer in this research has tried, by inferential method, to answer this question according to Ayatollah Javadi Amoli's works. The author of this article claims that the islamic tools for providing international security are available in several dimentions. One is the levels of analysis that are three: Islamic world, monotheistic religions, and all the world. Second, the amount of inclusion that is divided in two groups; shared by all three levels and specific of each level. This article deals with both issues. Conceptual and theoretical foundation of discussions in this research is the theory of natural savagery and natural civilization of human. The characteristics of Islam make us to claim that the only source and basis for providing international security is Islmic teachings, especially its moral teachings.

There is no doubt that Practical wisdom is one of the most important Farabi's philosophical concerns. we can achieve the on result in Farabi's several books about practical wisdom that showes the role of prophets in the field. A prophet by entering the dimensions and angles of practical wisdom tries to complete it and make it richness. In this article we try to answer the question that: What is The position of prophet in the practical wisdom, and how he can have his role in the various aspects of practical wisdom?In general, two aspects of practical wisdom is conceivable: 1. the expression of practical wisdom 2. Performance of practical wisdom. according to Farabi, practical wisdom leads to happiness only when a person practices successfuly in both aspects of it. The importance of these two aspects of practical wisdom, and it's key role in the prosperity of society demands the most complete persons in the community to have a serious role in it. For this reason, the prophet who is at the highest level of humanity, have a special role in practical wisdom by the help of revelation in his role. At first he expresses practical wisdom, virtues and also ways to reach them in the form of religion. in the next step by accepting the leadership of community, tries to performe practical wisdom, and to expand it in the community.

Avicenna's ethics in Mshreghi treatises Depends on the acquired knowledge from the high world. This means, the more knowledge of people to the world of angels and minds make them to be more moral persons. In this treatise, Avicenna divides people that are able to obtain this kind of knowledge into two categories; the brothers of the truth and other persons. In the first part of this article we emphasize and show that the criterion of distinction between these people is the amount of their knowledge. Then Avicenna tried to pass the epistemological differences between individuals in the Mashreghi stories by trying to achieve the same perception of the moral epistemology in the pattern of trustful epistemology which we will talk about in this research. The fondations of reliabilism in the Avicenna's works and finally the obviation of epistemological dualism in Avicenna's ethics are the other issues we will discuss about in this article.

In the early 1970s, followed by the growth of consumerism in societies, environmental crises such as earth warming and climate change, technological developments and emerging ethical challenges in the global economy, a new movement called "ethical consumerism" was emerged in the field of environmental ethics which aimed to reform different styles of consumption on the based of ethical considerations. By ethical consumerism we mean purchasing the goods and services that implied the least damage to humans, animals and nature in their product and also their consumption. In this context, philosophers, politicians and economic-cultural activists within this movement, tried to offer some appropriate solutions to reduce the damaging effects of human action on the environment. This paper explaining the most important aspects of ethical consumerism and grounds of its formation, criticized the philosophical approaches to this new phenomena, such as deontological approaches, Consequential approaches, and virtue ethics. There is no doubt that in the world that some of the concepts of moral (and immoral) consumption had spread in a large context especially among economists and philosophers, ethical consumption is a controversial and important issue.

This article pointed out some scopes of convergence between logic and ethics to talk about new challenges and solutions which are the result of these convergences. Among the issues in the field, the outher tries to report and explore these philosophical and logical conflicts: the gap between "is" and "ought" (The problem of Hume) and also some solutions proposed to solve it and some other paradoxes of logic of duty, the moral logical principle that "ought requires the ability" and its logical analysis, naturalistic fallacy (and also reasoning throughe open question),and issues or conflicts concerning the practical and moral deduction (in the context of the role of principles in moral reasoning and also the problem of weakness of moral will).These challenges and conflicts in the new history of philosophy have made a new literature and also many neoteric issues in realm of both logic and ethics which is continue nowadays as issues that their primary followers had not enough attention to them.

The Classification of virtues is difficult. The similarities and differences between virtues has made various lists of virtues. Thomas Aquinas, the Catholic Church theologian who has rational concerns about the Christian religion, has offered the lengthiest classification of virtues in his book "Summa Theologica". He has divided virtues in two philosophical and theological approach. His philosophical approach about virtues is based on Aristotle's philosophical views and his theological approach is based on New Testament. In the philosophical division, He has divided virtues in two categories; intellectual virtues and moral virtues. intellectual virtues are the virtues that rooted in the man's rational nature and moral virtues are the virtues that refer to human behavior. Aquinas develops this division based on dividing reason into theoretical and practical reason, and also based on the issue that wethere virtues are types of active or passive. But in the theological approach to the division of virtues he divides them in two categories; cardinal virtues and theological virtues.Theological virtues, namely faith, hope and love, are those virtues that refer to man's relationship with God. Cardinal virtues, namely prudence,temperance, fortitude, justice are virtues that are acquired. Thomas Aquinas states the basis of divisions and branches of any of these virtues in detail that we will discuss about in this article.

Ser-ol-asra which is written by the contemporary author Ayatollah Soadat Parvar (RH) -as the professor of ethics and mysticism- is a book in which the mystical and moral teachings are discussed and elicited from teachings of Scripture and traditions by methods of Ijtihad. This research tries is to formulate the common laws that are in the background of author's method to understand verses and traditions or educational recommendations in this Book.These rules, having the same application and performance of the rules in jurisprudence, are introduced For the first time in this study, as a new scope in the field of mysticism and Islamic ethics.This study based on the inductive method (thematic analysis) in the library by examining hundred examples that Ayatollah Soadat Parvar (RH) had used for extracting mystical and moral issues from the Quran and Hadith tried to extract nine general rules and also their examples and functions from this book.