مجله پژوهش های مالیه اسلامی
سال دوم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1393)

The main purpose of the research is to study the impact of wheat and barley Zakat on poverty alleviation in the Northern provinces and also the impact of Zakat revenue on economic growth during the period of 1995 to 2011. Since the major consumption of Zakat is for the poor and needy people and provision of the basic needs of the society, according to the religious beliefs of Muslims in paying Zakat, agricultural section tax exemption of tax systems, and wheat and barley cultivation in these provinces, Zakat of these products indicates considerable revenue which can provide a significant part of the financial needs of development projects and poverty alleviation in the rural areas. Results of the study showed that the revenue of the Zakat in Golestan province was more than Gilan and Mazandaran provinces and had an important role in poverty alleviation of the province. Meanwhile, Gilan province with lower production of wheat and barley with less Zakat revenue played less important role in poverty alleviation of the province. Furthermore, the results showed a significant positive effect of Zakat revenue on economic growth of the mentioned provinces. But this effect was small and estimated equal to 0.0005 percent. With regard to this issue, only wheat and barley Zakat is not able to cover poverty and boost economic growth. Thus, other taxes should be used as well for poverty alleviation and economic growth.

With respect to financing government expenditures and Due to the necessity of analysis of effective ways of financing these expenditures, this paper reviews literature on the Islamic Securities and with a descriptive method, explains government expenditures and ways of financing them. This paper seeks to answer two questions: (1) which of Islamic Securities has more flexibility to finance government expenditures? (2) Which of government expenditures can be financed more easily? Results show that Islamic Treasury Bills, Istisna' and Jualah sukuks have more flexibility in financing government expenditures.In other hand, government spending on purchasing required goods can be financed easily. Next in rank are government spending on new development projects and the cost of performing incomplete development projects.

Share economy (share working in the firm's profits) due to important impact on efficiency, and its equity oriented aspect, can serve as a new economic approach for communities to be used. In this study, data collected in libraries and documents using content analysis and support the Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence are analyzed. Jurisprudence principles of share economy that is a methodological in the share economy debate are evaluated from four perspectives: the Quran, the Prophet (PBUH), hadith and fiqh rules (like the rule of justice, rule Lazrar, etc.). The research hypothesis is that due to the many benefits associated with share economy, the economic system of Islam, based on profit sharing model which pay a fixed rent and priority, takes precedence.

Muqasa, taqas and dicker in terms of Islamic jurisprudence, have different means in some religions, and in some other are synonyms. In Imamia jurisprudence all three and in law dicker is often used. The dominant meaning of these terms in this case, is the settlement of the demands of the people. Despite of some opposition, the dominant view in jurisprudence and rights is the legitimacy of muqasa. To pay both the religion and the exercise of the right to work, muqasa is guaranteed, and in several ways it’s because reducing the risks of the transferring the funds and speeding up the transactions and avoiding repetition of the pay and simplifying the liabilities has a scientific importance. In the case of muqasa nature, some have mentioned it as the ways of the expiry of debts and some mentioned as the Excluding the sale of debt to debt and some as the ways to dominate the other property, and some as the ways of abandonment of obligations. And some have mentioned other details. Scholars and muqasa jurists have considered muqasa permissible in religion. Some have considered it three types and others four types and some one type and some have mentioned other details any of these kinds have its own special conditions and effects.

From the theory perspective it is said that Islamic financial system –that is without interest- provides a better condition for economic growth. Does the experience show the same result? This paper is a research for estimating the effect of Islamic banking rate on economic growth in Islamic countries .In this paper we attempt to analysis Islamic banking effect on economic growth in Islamic countries during 2006-2012 with panel data econometrics. The findings of the study have shown that increasing in Islamic banking share have positive effect on economic growth in Islamic countries. And have caused increase in these countries economic growth.

Credit risk management always has been a problem for the banks. The correct identification of factors affecting the measurements of the validity of customer when lending, has a significant impact on the success of any financial institution and credit. This paper investigates the impact of the effective factors on the credit risk with particular emphasis on the role of Islamic contracts. For this purpose, we have used logit model to predict credit risk and factors affecting it. By analyzing the available information contained in records of 500 customers of Samen credit institution (Ardebil Province), amount of loan, distance installment, profit, interest rate, gender, borrower contracts type, type of security have been selected as the independent variable and credit risk as the dependent variable. After estimating the model, it was found that all the variables have a significant impact on the credit risk in the under study financial institution.

The course of banking profit rate toward economic growth has always been one of the most important subjects in economic discussions. In Islamic countries, banking profit rate has also been a factor in their economic development and growth in different conditions. Accordingly, Islamic financial systems, via mobilizing financial sources and leading them toward generating products, can have a key role in the development of Islamic countries. The fluctuations that occur in the banks’ profit rate have affected, more or less, other economic affairs, and they become the cause of sluggishness, pause or reactivation of some production courses. Meanwhile, specifying the type of relation between economic growth and banking profit rate, unlike what it shows, is one of the unknown relations.This essay has investigated the causal relationship between economic growth and banking profit rate in selected Islamic countries via Hsiao Causality Method during the years 2004-2010. The results of the research indicate the absence of causality relation from banking profit rate to economic growth. On causal relation from economic growth to banking profit rate, stronger results indicate the absence of this relation.