مجله پژوهش های ترجمه در زبان و ادبیات عربی
پیاپی 9 (زمستان 1392)

Although different theories have been created as regards the translation efficiency in transferring concepts so far، there is almost no sound scientific method for reaching an exact and clear answer to this question. Nevertheless، it seems that by applying certain new theories in the field of text analysis، appropriate responses could be attained. The theory of cohesion and coherence developed by Halliday and Hasan (1985) is among the methods، with the help of which، the rate of textual cohesion and coherence and consequently، their textuality could be evaluated and analyzed. In addition to this، considering the importance of translation in the field of religious texts and especially the Holy Qur''an، arising from the position of these texts in doctrinal and didactic areas، it seems that by applying this theory to the existing translated texts، the translation efficiency and translator’s success in transferring concepts could be evaluated to some extent. According to this، the present study، following a descriptive-analytic and statistical method based on the mentioned model، has studied the translation of the holy Surah al-Bayyinah translated by Tahereh Saffarzadeh and came to the conclusion that considering the high percentage of coherence in translating this surah، the translator has been successful to a great extent in transferring the surah''s concepts.

Structure and structuralism are among the terms for which several lexical equivalents have been allocated in the works of lexicographers، critics and linguists of the Arabic language، the most common equivalents of which are as follows: «Albenyaviyat، albenniyat، albenaeiyat، albenviyat، albenyaniyat، alhaykaliyat، altarkibiyat، etc.» The major causes of this type of rendition challenges in the Arabic language are: «different understanding of Arabic critics and linguists of modern concepts of western criticism، incognizance of authors from each other’s academic works، and ethnical and linguistic intolerance». The most challenging equivalent terms in the Arabic language are: Albenyaviyat and albenniyat. Authors and lexicographers who have used these terms in their works proceed to do this in accordance with two grammatical principles of the Arabic language ‘albenniyat’ and/or spread of common mistake theory ‘Albenyaviyat’. In this study، we intend to verify their accuracy and determine the origins of the choice of these berserk equivalents، by surveying these terms in the lexicons، critical works، linguistic researches and grammar of the Arabic language.

Traditional and modern linguists consider the linguistic context as one of the important topics in language studies and especially in semantics. In traditional syntax and rhetoric، «deletion» bears many similarities with the modern linguistic context. The extensive presence of linguistic context in semantics، such as context in syntagmatic relation، in other words، in grammatical structure، especially semantic relations such as synonymy، polysemy، antonymy، and even in higher levels، the paragraph and context may help the reader to comprehend the exact meaning of words; this، also، is highly important in translation. This article tries to explore the features and functions of such context in both traditional and modern linguistics. Furthermore، to some extent، it refers to the similarities and differences of linguistic context in semantics by considering the subject of parallel in syntax and rhetoric.

Differences between the structures of languages are one of the problems with which translators are faced; one of these structural differences is gender-specific pronouns in the Arabic language and lack of them in Persian. This problem puts the translator in such a situation that if he is going to translate each pronoun in Arabic (source) with a pronoun in the Persian (target)، confusion will rise. These ambiguities prevent the translation to do its basic functioning. Translation studies scholars have mentioned universal features of translated texts. We can mention «explicitation» as one of these features that means adding information in the «translated text» that is not found in the «source text». This research seeks to investigate the functioning of «explicitation» in the translations of Arabic novels and to display its role in translating gender-specific pronouns (male and female) to prevent confusion in the translation of pronouns between the two languages because of the difference between them. Inthis waya novel entitled «Al-Tariq» (‘TheRoad’) written by Naguib Mahfouz and translated by Mohammad RezaMaraashipourunder the title «Rah»، has beenchosenas thecase study. Toachieve thisobjective we have used the quantitativeanalysis method.

Looking for a lexical or grammatical equivalence is a mental process which occurs in different layers of the mind. For the novice translator، who has not gained much experience، looking for equivalences and translation occurs in the first mental layer. Influenced by the translation of old texts، the novice translator learns to write down the meaning of every word under it. He is afraid of carefully delving into the meaning of the words، and writing down the different equivalences that come into his mind. This article seeks to find some methods and approaches to translate a text fluently while maintaining accuracy. The goal of this paper is to wipe out the complexities and uncertainties that formerly overrode the translated texts so that the readers of the translation experience the same joy and entertainment that the readers of the original text experience. The overall objective of the suggested methods for finding equivalents is to decrease the dominance of the original text over the reader to the least possible degree.

It is very difficult to translate the Glorious Qur''an as it is unique in the economy of language and expression as well as rhetorical and eloquent features. Therefore، the translator of the Qur''an should be familiar with the means of Quranic revelation and the styles of the verses as well as rhetorical features of the Arabic language to be able to translate accurately and faithfully the verses without any losses and gains of meaning. However، some translators embark on translation without knowing these features. In this study، translations of the holy Qur''anic verses in which qasr (''shortness'') in two ways—subject and complement، or foregrounding of the subject preceding the negative construction over the verbal complement—has been examined. Difficulties of transferring the concept of qasr has been illustrated in this study. It has been clarified when qasr in these two ways is accompanied with the article al-، several emphatic devices such as separate pronouns and emphatic particles may be used. For instance، in order to reflect the form of qasr in the construction «foregrounding of the subject preceding the negative construction over the verbal complement»، the translator can use the concept of qasr in parentheses. of compliment as a verb to state the nugatory (denunciatory) inquiries. It is necessary to the shortness in the parenthesis to show the meaning of rejection and proof.

Considering the fact that translation is the primary tool for passing the boundary of a literature and entering the territory of another literature، it is one of the factors that prevent the isolation of different literary genres of a nation and hence، its fall. The present study intends to show the role of translation on generation and formation of nations'' literary relations and show that it plays a significant role even in the comparative literature that is one of the fields related to nations'' literature. This paper first points to the types of translation and its position in world literature; then to some of its functions (accuracy and translator''s faithfulness in translation، the effect of translated work on the target literature، development of the art of fiction writing in classical and contemporary Persian and Arabic literature، prosperity of translation of realistic and romantic works، expansion of themes، fascinating the readers of destination language to source literature and introducing famous western writers to Persian and Arabic authors of contemporary literature). The researcher، following a descriptive and analytical method، has achieved proper solutions for examining the accuracy of the translation of literary works to compare two literary works with one common or different language.