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Archives in Military Medicine - Volume:3 Issue: 4, Nov 2015

Journal of Archives in Military Medicine
Volume:3 Issue: 4, Nov 2015

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1394/10/15
  • تعداد عناوین: 6
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  • Soheila Manifar, Farid Abbassi, Iraj Mirzaii Dizgah, Roya Khatami*, Mostafa Esmseil, Afshin Almasi Page 1
    Background
    Head and neck cancers are one of the main causes of cancer related death in the world. The common approach in the treatment of head and neck cancers is radiotherapy either alone or in combination with other therapeutic strategies..
    Objectives
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of radiotherapy on lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant levels as biomarkers of oxidative stress in patients with head and neck cancers..Patients and
    Methods
    Head and neck cancers were documented by two blinded expert pathologists. Whole saliva samples were collected from 30 patients with head and neck cancers before and after radiotherapy and 30 healthy individuals. The unstimulated whole saliva malondialdehyde (MDA), as an indicator of lipid peroxidation, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assayed by thiobarbituric acid and decolorization of ABTS radical cation method, respectively. Data was analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test..
    Results
    The levels of antioxidants capacity were significantly increased before radiotherapy in patients in comparison to healthy control (P < 0.05). Moreover, antioxidants capacity levels were significantly enhanced after radiotherapy in patients. Furthermore, lipid oxidation levels slightly decreased after radiotherapy in non-significant manner..
    Conclusions
    Lipid peroxidation slightly reduced in patients with head and neck cancers after radiotherapy. However, antioxidant status improved in these patients after radiotherapy..
    Keywords: Antioxidant, Head, Neck Neoplasms, Malondialdehyde, Oxidative Stress, Radiotherapy
  • Tahereh Valadbeigi *, Minoo Shaddel Page 2
    Background
    Despite the wide diversity of the basic growth forms (crustose, squamulose, foliose, and fruticose), all lichens have a similar internal morphology. The bulk of the lichen’s body is formed from filaments of the fungal partner, and the relative density of these filaments defines the layers within the lichen..
    Objectives
    To continue and complete the previous study, this study was designed to assess the antibacterial and antifungal activity of different extractions of lichens..
    Materials And Methods
    Acetone, methanol and aqueous extractions of the lichens, including Acarospora strigata, Collema crispum, Placidium squamulosum, Physcia biziana, Lecanora prophetae-eliae and Ramalina farinacea, were evaluated in vitro against seven bacterial strains (Escherichia coli ATCC1652, Salmonella typhi ATCC1679, Proteus mirabilis ATCC2601, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC1885, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC2321, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC2405, and Bacillus cereus ATCC13061), and two fungi (Verticillium dahlia, Fusarium moniliforme). The antibacterial activity was estimated via disc diffusion method and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined via broth tube dilution method..
    Results
    Among the six tested lichens, methanol extracts of P. squamulosum, P. biziana, and L. prophetae-eliae showed relatively high antibacterial activities and also the acetone extraction of L. prophetae-eliae showed antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis and B. cereus. The bacteria were more sensitive than the fungi. The methanol extract of P. squamulosum showed the highest antibacterial activity; besides, the least amount of MIC value was 250 mg/mL..
    Conclusions
    It seems that the tested lichens could be effective as antibiotics; especially, in terms of drug resistance, they can be proper substitutes; but, further studies are suggested..
    Keywords: Antibacterial Activity, Antifungal Activity, Lichens
  • Farzad Najafipour, Farshad Najafipour *, Ahura Ahmadi, Milad Darejeh Page 3
    Background
    Risk factors for low back pain (LBP) among the deployed forces are still under shadow, while the consequences of LBP are already clarified..
    Objectives
    This study aimed to identify the LBP risk factors associated with deployment-related exposures..Patients and
    Methods
    This study was conducted as a questionnaire-based cohort study, in which 3862 Iranian soldiers participated..
    Results
    Of the 1360 respondents, 350 (26%) reported LBP. The potential of nonresponse bias for the population of respondents was adjusted and the relationships between explanatory variables and LBP were analyzed using models of ordinal logistic regression. After the adjustment of all other variables, older age (P = 0.016), support from leaders (odds ratio (OR) = 1.69, P = 0.019), psychological stress (OR = 1.71, P = 0.009), working in depots or storehouses (OR = 2.60, P = 0.041), and awkward working positions (OR = 1.98, P = 0.001) were found to be associated with LBP. Maneuver and traffic accidents, sport or exposure to work, and lifestyle were not associated with LBP in this study, which was the result of the actual deployment only..
    Conclusions
    In this study older age, lack of support from leaders, psychological stress, awkward working positions, and working in depots or storehouses were significantly associated with LBP after the adjustment of all other variables. Preventive measures should include predeployment preparation of leaders to cope with LBP and other musculoskeletal troubles among their subordinates and involve trained medical staff and specialized physiotherapists, advising soldiers of different military occupational specialties on how to optimize ergonomics at work..
    Keywords: Low Back Pain, Risk Factors
  • Farnoush Etminan*, Eghbal Zarei, Kourosh Mohammadi Page 4
    Background
    The health of military families including factors affecting the productivity and satisfaction of employees and armed forces are of great importance..
    Objectives
    This study aimed to compare the public health and scale corresponding to the four groups of military families (surface, subsurface, marines, and pilots)..Patients and
    Methods
    The sample in this study included 200 families of naval officers who were selected through stratified sampling method.
    Results
    The results showed that the officers’ families of shallow subsurface, marines and pilots differed in terms of public health. The findings also showed that in families of small-scale pilot officers, subscales physical symptoms, sleep disturbances, symptoms of anxiety, and depression symptoms subscale scores were higher. There was a difference in the marital satisfaction and its components among different families of the naval officers. To explain the findings, we had to note that the mean of marital satisfaction and its subscales in the three groups of naval families (i.e. surface forces, submarine forces and marine forces) was different from the families of the naval pilot officers. Consequently, since the group of naval pilot families had the highest level of difference both in the general variable of marital satisfaction and its subscales, it is necessary to study this subject further in future researches..
    Conclusions
    Given the importance of the military in safeguarding our borders, the study found that public health is relatively good in the four studied forces, but the pilot families should pay some more attention to their health to achieve improved public health..
    Keywords: Marital Satisfaction, Naval Families
  • Bardia Panahbehagh * Page 5
    Context: One assumption is very crucial in many inferences in standard statistical
    Methods
    the sample should be independent and identically distributed. A lot of studies are conducted each year based on real data, gathered from some finite populations using a finite population sampling design. Many of them are analyzed by young researchers using common statistical softwares. Although, many softwares operate on independent and identically assumption, most finite population sampling design do not generate samples with this quality..Evidence Acquisition: Here, we investigated some finite population designs to find out when a sample is reasonably independent and identically distributed..
    Results
    Results show Simple Random Sampling with replacement just generate independent and identical sample, Simple Random Sampling without replacement and cluster sampling almost generate such sample and Stratified Sampling almost doesn’t generate such sample..
    Conclusions
    According to the results it is very important to be careful about planning a design to sample a population and also be careful to analyze each data according to relative design..
    Keywords: Sampling Design, Independent Sample, Identically Distributed Sample