Jorjani Biomedicine Journal
Volume:3 Issue: 1, 2015

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and the second most common cause of cancer death. CHEk2 gene was known as a tumor suppressor gene which it plays a role in DNA repair. Germline mutations in CEHK2 have been associated with the cancer types in a number of countries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate association between CHEK2 mutations and Breast Cancer in the Iranian population. This study involved 38 cases under the age of 45 and 62 cases over the age of 45. A blood samples were taken and DNA was successfully isolated from cases and healthy women. Multiplex PCR were used to investigate the association between a deletion in CHEK2 of 5,395bp CHEK2 gene mutations among 100 patients with breast cancer and 100 Normal controls. There were no significant differences between histopatological information in both groups. The del5395 mutation was not found in the patients and controls. For the first time, these results demonstrate that a deletion in CHEK2 large deletion in exon 9 and exon 10 mutations has not been a genetic susceptibility factor for breast cancer in the Iranian population.

Fortification of drinks with new functional ingredients including prebiotics is one of the recent progresses in the juice field. So the objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of addition some prebiotics on physicochemical and sensory properties of orange juice. Then prebiotic compounds (inulin and tagatose) and sucrose with specific proportions were added to orange juice and pasteurized by at 90°C. Orange juice samples were placed at 4°C (refrigerator temperature) and 25°C (environment temperature) for 3 months and physicochemical (Brix, acidity, sucrose content and pH) and sensory properties of samples were evaluated with time intervals of one month. The results showed that pH, brix and acidity of all treatments didnt show statistical significant differences during 90 days of storage (P>0.05). While total sugar content of all treatments decreased significantly during this time (P<0.05), as the greatest decrease was seen in treatment I-3/S-3 at environment temperature with 33.7% lost. While reported no change in the transparency of this treatment (P>0.05). While storage of treatment at environment temperature decreased the acceptance of flavors (P<0.05). The result of this project showed that inulin in combination with sucrose and tagatose was suitable for production of functional juice with good organoleptic properties.

Inability to measure exact exposure in epidemiological studies is a common in many epidemiological studies, especially when information on exposure is obtained retrospectively, as in any case–control design. Depending on the extent of misclassification, results may be affected. Existing methods for solving this problem require a lot of time and money and for and for some of exposures it is not practical. Recently, new methods have been proposed in 1:1 matched case–control study that have been solved these problems to some extent. This paper extend existing Bayesian method to adjust for misclassification in matched case–control Studies with 1:2 matching. The standard Dirichlet prior distribution for a multinomial model is extended to allow separation of prior assertions about the exposure–disease association from assertions about other parameters. Information that exist in literature about association between exposure and disease used as prior information about OR. Correction of misclassification was investigated using Sensitivity analysis. The results of naïve Bayesian model were similar to the classic model. The second Bayesian model that use prior information about the OR, heavily affected by this information. The third model provides maximum bias adjustment for heavy metals, tobacco and opium. This model showed that heavy metal is not an important risk factor although raw model (logistic regression Classic) detected this exposure as an influencing factor on the incidence of lung cancer. Sensitivity analysis showed that third model is robust regarding to different levels of Sensitivity and Specificity. Result of this study showed that although in most of exposures the results of the second and third model were similar but the proposed model able to somewhat correct the misclassification.