نشریه پژوهش در توانبخشی ورزشی
پیاپی 4 (پاییز و زمستان 1393)

Weakness of the hip muscles has been hypothesized to influence lower limb alignment and contribute to patellofemoral pain. The purpose of this study was to describe the effect of additional strengthening of hip abductor and external rotator muscles in a strengthening quadriceps exercise program for patients with the patellofemoral pain syndrome. The participants were 21 patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. The subjects were randomly assigned to the intervention group (strengthening of quadriceps / hip abductor and external rotator muscles) or to the control group (strengthening of quadriceps). Both groups participated in an eight-week exercise protocol. The perceived pain symptoms, knee extensor, hip abductor and external rotator muscles strength and function of patients were assessed before and after treatment. Parametric tests were used to compare the groups before and after treatment with α=0.05. The 2 groups were homogeneous prior to treatment in respect to demographic, pain, and functional scales data. Both the intervention and control groups showed significant improvement in the post tests results in pain symptoms, the muscle strength, and the functional status, when compared to the pretest results. But there weren’t any significant differences between 2 groups. Both rehabilitation approaches improved function and reduced pain. Supplementation of strengthening of hip abductor and lateral rotator muscles in a strengthening quadriceps exercise program didn’t provide additional benefits with respect to the perceived pain symptoms during functional activities in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome after eight weeks of treatment.

The decrease in range of motion of joints and balance is one of the main reasons why the elderly fall off from time to time, which brings about its own consequences such as physical harm. this study aims to investigate the effect of a period of selected Pilate’s exercises on range of motion and balance among elderly women.In the present quasi-experimental study 23 healthy elderly women were selected from the volunteer elderly women in Isfahan through target sampling and availability and divided randomly into two groups; one experimental group and one control group.The experimental group received the treatment, but the control group received no treatment. Range of motion of joints and Static and dynamic balances. All of the above variables were measured both before and after the treatment (Pilate’s exercises). The data were analyzed through Analysis of Covariance at the significance level of P≤0.05.The results showed that there was a significant improvement on the scores obtained from the tests measuring range of motion (thigh, ankle), and static and dynamic balances of the experimental group after 8 weeks of receiving exercises (P≤0.05), whereas no such significant improvement was observed in the control group. Considering the results of the current study, it seems that the selected Pilate’s exercises have a significant effect on improving range of motion and balance among elderly women and therefore could be considered as an effective intervention.

The aim of the present study, effects of six weeks massage on the balance, fatigue and quality of life in patients with MS. The population study of persons with multiple sclerosis 20 to 50 years constituted the entire city of Shiraz were members of the MS Society. For the purposes of the study, 17 patients were willing to participate in the implementation of the research process finally, participants were randomly divided into two experimental groups (n = 9) and control (n=8) groups. To collect information about the variables in the study of Berg Balance Scale, Quality of Life Scale (MSQOL-54) and the Fatigue Severity Scale (FFS) was used. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics and t-test to test the research hypotheses to compare pre-test and post-test and also to compare the results of both experimental and control groups, independent t test was used. Findings showed that six weeks of massage on reducing balance and fatigue in MS patients had a significant influence. The variable quality of life results were not significantly effects on physical health, but the impact was significant in mental health. Massage can be a low-cost; low-risk method of treatment should be considered for patients with MS.

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a common occurrence in sports requiring stop-jump performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of acute static and ballistic stretching techniques on the proximal tibia anterior shear forces during forward stop-jump. The study samples consisted of 12 healthy athletic men who attended to the laboratory 3 times in 3 other days (the effects of previous stretching to be completely faded). All kinetics and kinematics data from Force Plate and Motion Analysis System were used in Matlab. One-way analysis of variance test and Paired Samples T-Test were used to analyze the data. Paired Samples T-Test showed a significant effect of static stretching technique on anterior shear force. One-way analysis of variance test showed the interaction of the proximal tibia anterior shear force of all groups. This study revealed that the proximal tibia anterior shear force was significantly decreased after static stretching (P= 0.016). Moreover, Tukey test showed a significant effect in acute static stretching technique (P= 0.010), whereas there was no significant difference in Ballistic stretching. The results of this study suggested that probably applying static stretching technique before forward stop-jump task can decrease the peak anterior shear force. This means ACL injuries can be prevented after this stretching technique. Collectively, it is suggested that athletes, coaches and physiotherapists can use static stretching technique for preventing the ACL injuries.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disease that causes pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited movement of joints. Dry joints, causing pain, reduced mobility, resulting in reduced quality of life for patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pilates exercises on pain and quality of life in men with rheumatoid arthritis is. 30 male patients with chronic arthritis (Group test: The mean age of the 2/89±52/27 years, average height of 7/15±175/8 cm, weight of 9/53±88/13 kg, control group: mean age 6/51±53/47, the average height of 4/65±173/6, the average weight of 5/14±82/93) Volunteered to participate and were randomly divided into two groups (n = 15) and control (n = 15) were divided. Experimental groups for eight weeks to do Pilates (three sessions per week, 60 minutes per session) began. The SF-36 questionnaire to assess quality of life and visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess pain. Pain and quality of life in patients before and after eight weeks of Pilates exercises were examined To analyze the data, after normalization using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, independent t-test and ANOVA were used for data duplication (p<0/05). In the experimental group, Average quality of life before and after the intervention Showed a significant change(0/000). It is also significant changes in the experimental group were pain(0/027). It seems Pilates improves muscular endurance by strengthening muscles and reducing pain and improving the quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is effective.

Head Posture assessment is highly recommended in patients with neck pain in order to better diagnosis, planning the treatment strategies and monitoring progress. Considering the consequences of the radiation exposure associated with the repeated radiographic assessments of spinal curvature, attempts are continuously being made to develop skin-surface methods which often use non-commodious or unavailable devices, or non-comparable qualitative measurements, or they use photographic images which are not appropriate for women in Iranian culture. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of a non-invasive quantitative forward head posture assessment method which is easy, commodious and can be used for every group of subjects. Craniovertebral angle of 12 patients who were referred to a radiology laboratory was calculated from lateral cervical radiography image by a radiology specialist and were used as the reference value for each patient. Five minutes after the radiographic measurement, the patients were asked to stand with their back faced to wall. Then two testers measured the craniovertebral angle with the double square ruler for three times and the mean value of these craniovertebral angles were compared with the radiographic measurement for evaluating the validity. For evaluation of the intertester and intratester reliability, the craniovertebral angle of fifteen subjects (independent from those who were chosen in evaluating the validity) were measured three times (5 and 10 minutes after the first measurement for evaluating the intratester reliability) by each tester and the mean value of these three angles were used to evaluating the intertester reliability. The results presented the high validity for this method in relation to the radiographic image (r=0.857 and r=0.837), high intratester (r=0.895 and r=0.871 for measurements after 5 minutes and r=0.885 and 0.847 for measurements after 10 minutes) and high intertester reliability (r=0.933) between two testers. The results of this study showed that this quantitative method was highly valid and reliable. This newly developed method is easy, commodious and available and can be used in both sexes and we suggest this method as a proper alternative for measuring the craniovertebral angle for diagnosis, planning the treatment strategies and monitoring the progress of the rehabilitation program for the patients with forward head posture.

The purpose of this study was to, compare the two models of rear foot angle (RFA(measuring in a static position and correlation with the dynamic position in pronate foot subject during the stance phase of walking. 15 male students in Birjand University based on navicular drop index were selected. After the measuring RFA in a static state with goniometer and two-dimensional analysis according to Clarke (1983), the RFA angle were recorded with two-dimensional analysis while subject walked with 1/7 m/s on a treadmill without shoes. For statistical analysis, paired t-test and Pearson correlation used (p≤0/05). Results indicated a significant difference between RFA between goniometer and motion caption system in the static position (p≤0/001). Also, no significant correlation was found between RFA in a static and dynamic positions during stance phase of walking. Results of this study emphasize the using of motion caption system to measure the RFA in the static position, moreover, indicate that RFA analyzing in the static position can not be a good predictor of the dynamic mode to display the angle of the foot during the stance phase of walking.

Base: In different start techniques the Joints range of motion and lever arm muscles change that these factors may influence in biomechanical components and steps after start and record of acceleration phase. Evaluate the effects of three techniques as long, medium and short start sprinting on the kinetic parameters of the foot contact phase with the ground in the first step after the start and the acceleration phase. 6 male students of physical education, who recently passed the athletics course for research example, were selected. Kinetic data of the first step after start and records 5 and 10 meters, respectively, with a FootScan and a camera were collected. Then FootScan data was extracted and Necessary processing was performed on their. between the vertical force curves, the maximum vertical force and the vertical impact are significant differences in all three techniques. Also time 5 and 10 meters in long start, compared with medium and short start, is significantly increased. in long start the subjects put back foot with less force on earth and also less impact of contact with ground in long start, represents the rate of change is less. Also, be most the vertical force on the first step after the start, in short start, represents the subjects utilization better from short start, and finally Get bettered record of 5 and 10 meters in short start suggests its superiority over the other two techniques in this investigation.