نشریه پژوهش در توانبخشی ورزشی
پیاپی 6 (پاییز و زمستان 1394)

Osteoporosis is a silent disease as a major challenge in the field of public health, especially for women . No sign of this disease and the possibility of preventing in adolescence and adult life is important. The purpose of this study is to investigate the Comparison effect of a period resistance and strength exercise of bone
formation and resorption of selected biomarkers in inactive girls. To this end 30 healthy and younger volunteer subjects of physical education students, the mean age (23.47±2.27) years, mean weight (58.4±9.72) kg and mean height (1.62±0.68), who were participated in this study and were randomly assigned into 3 groups: Control (10 people), endurance (10 people) and resistance (10 people) training groups. Were exercised the experimental groups at 4 weeks, 12 sessions (3 day per week) to the running on the treadmill at endurance group and have continued weight training the resistance group. The control groups did not participate in any training protocol. From all three groups after the training programs to measure the enzyme bone absorption (ALP) and resorption (CTX) markers serum, blood sample were taken. Statistical Analysis with One-way ANOVA was applied to analyze the data by SPSS 19 software.
The result showed no significant difference in ALK, and also showed a significant decrease (p It seems that other factors affect absorption measures and activities to prevent the process of analyzing the impact on the prevention of osteoporosis.

Stroke is non-jerky and abrupt due to cerebrovascular disorder associated with motor impairment are the symptom of the disease and is associated with loss of balance. This study aimed to determine the effects of Pilates exercises on static and dynamic balance stroke patients was done.
This study was a semi-experimental study, 30 men and women chosen and randomly divided into two groups experimental and control. The experimental group for 8 weeks Pilates exercises performed and Berg Balance Test and evaluate before and after eight weeks. The data analyzed at the significance level of p = 0/05 using SPSS version 18 it's done.
The results showed that Pilates improved the Balance of the stroke patients in both the control and experimental groups (P The results indicated that Pilates can also increase the amount of static balance in patients with stroke. The Pilates exercise by improved strength and core stability and neuromuscular control can result in increases balance. Therefore is a useful exercise for rehabilitation of stroke patients and speed up their recovery process.

Due to the role of balance in increasing accuracy of shooting, especially in the standing position, doing balance exercises is particularly important in this sport.
Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a six-week training program with Aerotrim instrument (Warping three-dimensional) on the balance and performance accuracy of shooting in beginner girl shooters. For this purpose, 30 subjects (age: 17.49±1.01 years, weight: 56.60±8.01 kg, and height: 162.73±5.15 cm) were chosen from a sports high school and assigned into experimental and control groups randomly. The BESS test was used to assess balance and a special shooting test was used to evaluate the participants’ accuracy of shooting. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods (Paired t-test and independent t-test) were used to analyze the data.
Results showed a significant improvement in the balance and accuracy of shooting in the experimental group (p=0.001) and a high effect size for the training program with Aerotrim instrument.
Thus, it seems that exercise with the device could positively affect the ventricular systems and therefore can be used as a good training method.

The decrease in proprioception is one of the main risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate, the effect of functional fatigue program on shoulders’ proprioception among active swimmers.
Twenty four swimmers 18.33 ± 3.49 years among active swimmers of Kerman city objectively were selected. After performed functional fatigue program, shoulder proprioception by digital camera recorded and AutoCAD software was used for analysis. Pair t-test was used for analysis (p>0.05).
The proprioception error significantly increased from pre- to post-test by 2.37% at 45⁰ shoulder outward rotation (p=0.001). Furthermore, The proprioception error significantly increased from pre- to post-test by 2.80% at 80⁰ shoulder outward rotation (p=0.001).
In brief, fatigue increased proprioception error in 45⁰ and 80⁰ shoulder outward rotation angles and this may be caused shoulder injuries among swimmers. It is suggested that swimmers and coaches must be attention to this issue and decreased intensity of exercise after fatigue.

Scientific findings have been detected, role of exercise pattern on pancreas cells function improvement for the metabolic disease conditions. However role of elements interaction a resistance training (RT) program, have been controversy reported for the diabetic men with an obese body composition.
In a comparative-analytical design, 32 middle-age men (43-64 ys) with type 2 diabetes disease under conditions of mean±sd: BMI=29.5±4.7 Kg/m2, FGL=7.5±1.4 Mmol/L, Hb1AC= 5.5±0.22% voluntarily participated .Experimental group (EP=16 vs CG=16) performed a RT program with an intensity of 1RM 40-75% during 10 weeks interval RT; 3 set/ day with a 4- 8 repetitions per a session.
Different among ES &EG didn,t have a significant changes in the HCT, Hb1AC, FG/insulin ratio and HB variables means .But, FGL,FPI values and HOMA-IR index were significantly decreased in the EG versus CG.
The RT program could lead to an metolic alterations at the trained sketetal muscles. However it could be considerable for the therapiests during anintervention of the non- pharmacological agent therapy in the middle-age men with the diabetics conditions.

Improving the affecting factors of balance and specially proprioception could be a critical procedure in managing the athletes balance dysfunction and injuries. The purpose of this study was determination effect of 8weeks neuromuscular exercise on anklejoint proprioception male profesional soccer players.
Thirty male soccer players randomly were divided into two neuromuscular exercise (age 26.47±4.64years, height 178.81±3.98, weight72.45±9.28) and control (age 25.00±3.52 years, height 175.13±4.48, weight 69.70±5.40) groups. that voluntarily participated in this study. The amount of error in the reconstruction of the ankle joint angles in motion inversion and eversion (15 degree) of all two groups of subjects were measured in pre-and post-tests using of ankle proprioception goniameter.
Experimental group were performed their training programs (multistation proprioceptive exercise in 6 station) for duration of eight weeks(three sessions per week) and control group asked to continue their daily activity. Data was analyzed by using pair t-test and independent t-tese and significant level considered p≤0.05 .The results showed significant differences in proprioception in motions inversion and eversion (15 degree) of male soccer players.
According to present study data neuromuscular training programme can be beneficial for and improve ankle proprioception male soccer players and its usage is recommended.