فصلنامه شخصیت و تفاوت های فردی
سال یکم شماره 2 (پاییز 1391)

The purpose of this research was the comparison of psychological profile of HIV/AIDS addicts with normal persons based on Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory – 2. The research method was descriptive and causal-comparative. Statistical population of the study was all the HIV/AIDS addicts in Shiraz city, that 22 HIV/AIDS addicts were selected voluntarily. The same number of normal individuals with no history of drug abuse selected randomly as comparison group. Participants based on age, gender and education were matched. The research instrument was MMPI-2 inventory. MANOVA and ANOVA were used to analyse the data. The results showed that in Hs, D, Sc, Pd, Pt and Hy scales there were significant differences between HIV/AIDS addicts and normal persons. The highest differences there were in D, Pt, Hs and Hy scales. But there were no significant differences in Ma and Pa scales between HIV/AIDS addicts and normal persons. Findings revealed the fact that psychological pathology in HIV/AIDS addicts highest than other addicts and this pathologies more increase than past decade.

Some of youth, with family conflicts and problems, escape from their house to get rid of their problematic situations. Girls runaway is one of the most important social problems of our society. In addition to the social factors such as family conflicts which are responsible for this problem, we shouldn’t forget the role of individual factors such as personality traits and mental status. The core aim of this study was a comparative investigation of personality traits and locus of control in the runaway girls and normal girls. Participants in the research, were 101 runaway girls and 174 normal girls from Boushehr. They completed The Locus of Control Questionnaire and The Big Five Personality Factor Questionnaire. The results indicated that runaway girls, in compare with the normal girls, showed more openness to experience trait, but less extraversion and agreeableness traits. The findings, also, indicated that runaway girls, in compare with the normal girls, showed more belief in chance as the locus of control, but there was no significant differences between the two groups in belief in internal control and authorities as the sources of control. Teaching parents the proper parenting styles which lead in logical beliefs and mentally healthy children, and helping them identifying the youth who are at risk of running away, could lead in decreasing this social problem.

The purpose of this study was examine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral stress management on increasing self efficiency and happiness of breast cancer patients.The current study was a semi experimental study with pre-test and post-test in two experimental and control groups. For this purpose, 30 female patients with breast cancer who had referred to the Cancer Support Association (YAS Kerman) were selected by convenience sampling method in the fall of 1389. Data gathering instrument was cancer behavior inventory and Oxford happiness inventory which were completed by patients at the beginning and end of group therapy. Results suggested an improvement and a significant difference of experimental group in all aspects of happiness and cancer behavior Subscales in comparison with the control group. These results were confirmed after two month follow up. Cognitive-behavior stress management group therapy gives rise to improvement of self efficiency and increasing of happiness of breast cancer patients. Hence, this method can be used in oncology centers as a complementary therapy alongside medical treatment.

Most researchers are seeking to identify fundamental elements in explaining behavior in normal and psychopathology aspects. This research intends to study the extent of predicting various kinds of mental disorders by personality traits and dimensions of perfectionism. To do so, 250 students were selected randomly via multi-stage cluster sampling from Boushehr University and were given questionnaires NEO-FFI, Hill Perfectionism as well as SCL-90. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics as well as multiple regression were employed. The results show the unconditional predictability of the neurotic trait for all symptoms of mental disorders SCL-90. Traits such as openness to experience, conscientiousness, agreeableness, are less likely to predict some of the disorders. The presence of positive significant correlation of neurosis with dimensions of perfectionism, the presence of negative perfectionism with overall perfectionism along with neurotic traits confirm the predictability of the symptoms of SCL-90.

In spite of remarkable achievements in medicine, cancer is one the disease of the present century, that beside biological and genetic factor as physiological process, psychological factor have a basic role on its existing and expanding. Therefore in this research intend to compare personality traits and coping style in women with cancer and healthy. The sample includes 83 women with cancer and 85 healthy subjects, were collectedly using available sampling method, were matched. Then Personality Inventory of Eysenck and Folkman and Lazarus coping styles on group was studied. for analysis of data test, Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used. Between two groups of women (cancer - healthy) personality trait and coping style, emotion and problem oriented coping significant differences was found. cancer women compared to healthy women had lower grad in extraversion and higher grad in neurosis also cancer women used more emotion oriented coping styles and less problem oriented styles. By recognizing the effective psychological factors in cancer, we can not only prevent the occurrence of new cases but also, with the help of psychological training and medical treatment, improve the quality of patience life and increase their year of survival.

The goal of the current research was to compare the multiple intelligences of high school freshmen with different learning styles. Ex post facto (causal) method was used. Research sample included 200 students (100 female and 100 male) who were chosen through multistage random sampling method. The instruments used in this study Learning Style Inventory (LSI) and Multiple Intelligences Developmental Assessment Scales (MIDAS). The results of multivariate variance analysis showed that multiple intelligences and its different aspects are different in students with different learning styles. Results also showed that multiple intelligences and its different aspects except for musical intelligence are different in male and female students, and so bodily, spatial, linguistic, interpersonal and naturalist intelligences in these female and male students with different learning styles.

This study investigated the mediation role of spirituality And religiousness in the relationship between five factor personality (Openness versus Closeness to experience, Extraversion versus introversion, Neuroticism versus Emotional stability, Conscientiousness versus Negligence, Agreeableness versus Antagonism) and resiliency. Participations were 314, girls (165 and boy (149), M.A students selected from shiraz’s University. Participants completed revised version of five factor personality questionnaire (Goldberg, 1999) and spirituality questionnaire (Aaronson, 2002) and resiliency (Conner, Davidson, 2003). To examine reliability of cronbach alpha coefficient and to determine validity factor analysis method and internal consistency were used. The path diagram of hypothetical model tested by simultaneous regression analysis, according to recommended steps of baron and Kenny (1986). Result show that Openness versus Closeness was a partial, positive and strong predictor and Extraversion versus introversion was completely mediated, and predictor of resiliency by mediation of internal religion orientation and spirituality Neuroticism versus Emotional stability was a partial, negative predictor of resiliency. Also hierarchical regression analysis revealed that spirituality And religiousness mediates the effects of Big five factor personality model on resiliency. Suggestions and implication for future research are also proffered.

The aim of this study is to survey of the role of personality in tolerance ambiguity in students of different majors. The changes that driven from globalization have been created upward spirals of novelty, complexity and change, that magnifying the experience of ambiguity by communities, groups and members. Ambiguity tolerance refers to the individual, s tendency to interpret an ambiguous situation as a threat or a source of discomfort. Based On this, this study has been examined the role of big five factor personality in predict of tolerance ambiguity in students of different majors. Sample included 340 (202 female and 138 male) students of Persian Gulf University to whom the Tolerance ambiguity scale and Big Five Factor questionnaire were given. The results of inter multiple regression showed that openness to experience positively and neuroticism negatively predict tolerance for ambiguity. The results of multiple analysis of variances of openness, neuroticism and majors, showed that the main effect of openness and majors have significant effect on tolerance of ambiguity. Furthermore, the interaction effect of openness and majors has a significant effect on tolerance of ambiguity in students. According to the finding of this research, the ambiguity tolerance is a complex constructs that influenced by both personality traits and majors (index of environment).