فصلنامه شخصیت و تفاوت های فردی
سال سوم شماره 6 (زمستان 1393)

According to previous researches some factors such as cognitive styles and personality traits could induce changes in academic achievement. So، the present study has investigated the relationship between this factors and academic achievement among the students. This research has been performed on 285 students at college of economics and college of management. Participants completed the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) (Paul T. Costa، Jr. and Robert R. McCrae.، 1985)، the Group Embedded Figure Test (GEFT)، and reported their college grade point average (GPA). Stepwise regression has been applied for study of the relationship and predictive quantity of aforementioned variables; meanwhile for comparing males and females in research variables Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and T-tests has been used. A correlation analysis on 285 students (191 female، 94 male) revealed an interesting pattern of significant relationships between cognitive styles and personality traits and academic achievement. Stepwise regression analyses indicated that cognitive styles and personality traits could explain 50% variance in academic achievement. The most powerful predictor of academic achievement was Conscientiousness that could predict 39% variance of academic achievement. Cognitive styles also explained 1. 2% of the variance in academic achievement. Result of this research showed that there is no significant difference between research variables in gender.

The purpose of the current study was to determine the direct and indirect effects of personality characteristics، emotions، and perceived stress on stress coping styles. In this correlational study، path analysis was used to investigate the relations between variables in a structural equation model. The participants were 200 Hamadanian citizens that were selected using random multi-stage cluster sampling. The participants were asked to complete Differential Emotions Scale (Izard، Libero، Putnam & Haynes، 1993)، HEXACO personality Inventory (Ashton & Lee، 2004)، Coping Styles Questionnaire (Billings& Moos، 1981) and Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen، Kamarck، & Mermelstein، 1983). Data were analyzed using correlation coefficient and path analysis. The result showed that Conscientiousness، positive and negative emotions، and positive perceived stress have direct significant effect on problem-focused style. The highest effect in the model belongs to the direct effect of positive perceived stress on problem-focused style. In this article، the predispositional role of personality and emotions for stressful experiences and coping style selection has been discussed.

The purpose of present research was to study the relationship between the big five factor of personality and gender with different components of aggression in a group of Shiraz University students. A sample of 270 university students (146 females، 126 males) was selected using stratified random sampling method. The participants completed the Big Five Factor Personality Questionnaire (Goldman، 1999) and the Buss & Perry Aggression Questionnaire (Buss and Perry، 1992). Data were analyzed using liner regression. The results showed that neuroticism and agreeableness were positively and negatively the most positive strong predictors of global aggression respectively. As well as، neuroticism positively، and extraversion، agreeableness and conscientiousness negatively predicted verbal aggression. Only، neuroticism predicted hostility. Gender did not predict aggression and its components. In summation، neuroticism and agreeableness played significant role related to aggression in university students، but gender did not predict aggression and its components.

In social anxiety disorder، person is afraid of being criticized or being in center of attention. Indeed، these patients are worried about other''s evaluations about their abilities. Researchers have found four types of cognitive bias in anxious individuals: attention، memory، judgment and interpretation. One kind of reasoning bias is jumping to conclusion، that represent judgment or making decision about something without having all truth. Jumping to conclusion mostly has been appearing in situations that involve subjects in relations to self، self-evaluation. In present research، this bias has been studied in social anxious patients. Using convenience sampling، a total of 90 participants including; a group of 45 normal individuals and 45 patients in three groups of mild social anxiety (9)، moderate social anxiety (26)، severe social anxiety (4) were selected. To assess social anxiety، the Conor (2000) social phobia scale and resemblances task (Saffarian، 2009) were used. The results of one-way ANOVA have shown that there is a significant difference between groups in jumping to conclusion and could declare that patients with social anxiety have jumping to conclusion bias in compare with normal group and make hastier decisions with little evidence.

Self-injury and mood swings are important symptoms in patients with borderline personality disorder. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of dialectical behavior therapy on self-injury and mood swings in patients with borderline personality disorder. Research method of this study was semi experimental. Among all patients with borderline personality disorder in Ardabil city at 1392، using accessible method 30 patients were selected and randomly were placed in experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 9 sessions of dialectical behavior therapy intervention and the control group spent their daily routine. For gathering data، the participants were asked to compelete Borderline Personality Inventory (mohammadzadeh، godarzi، taghavi and molazadeh،1384)، Positive –negative Affect Scale (bakhshipoor and dejkam،1384)، and Depression- Happiness Scale (joseph et. al 2004). The data were analyzed by Multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA). results showed that dialectical behavior therapy have significant effect on self-injury and mood swings in borderline personality disorder (p < 0/01). The findings also showed that dialectical behavior therapy reduces self-damage and increases positive affect and happiness in people with borderline personality disorder. The dialectical behavior therapy techniques could reduce self-injury and mood swings in persons with borderline personality disorder.

One of the important features of artists that can facilitate or impede the process of creativity is artist''s personality. This study was designed to identify the role of artists'' gender in their personality traits. The study was administered by an ex-post facto design. The population consisted of all artists who were working in the Department of Culture of Azna city in 2014. Participants were 60 artists (30 female، 30 male) who voluntarily participated in this study and completed the scale of HEXACO six personality factors. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed that female artists in compare with the male artists are higher at the trait of openness to experience، but there was no significant differences between the groups at honesty، conscientiousness، emotional adaptation، and extroversion. Regarding with the importance of facing with new experiences at art، officials should pat attention to this trait in artists، specially female artists.

Self-compassion، that is a new concept in personality psychology، is defined as being careful and compassionate for oneself in hardships and life difficulties. Relations of this construct with some heath and illness indexes had been showed in previous researches. Giving the importance of this variable in maintenance and enhancement of people health، this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between self-compassion and the risk of substance use at university students. Among the students of Mohaghegh Ardabil University at 2012-2013 educational year، one hundred students were select randomly and were asked to complete the questionnaires of substance use risk and self-compassions. The gathered data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multivariate regression test. Result showed that substance use risk negatively correlated to self-kindness (r=-0/24; p<0/02) and common humanity (r=-0/27; p<0/01) but positively related to isolation (r=0/33; p<0/004). The result of regression analyses showed that self-compassion components explain 26% of variance of substance use risk. These results support the protective role of self-compassion against substance use.

The purpose of the current study was to predict transformational، transactional and laissez faire leadership styles of heads of departments based on their emotional intelligence. All of academic staff members and heads of the departments at Lorestan University (N=118) participated at the study. Participants were asked to complete the Emotional Intelligence Scale and Multifactor Leadership Style Questionnaire. The Results indicated that the most preferred leadership style in heads of the departments is transformational style. Furthermore، multivariate regression indicated that only the emotional exploitation subscale can predict the transformational and Laissez faire leadership styles، but emotional exploitation subscale، emotional regulation، and assessment and expression of emotions (p<0. 01) can predict the transactional leadership styles. The correlational analysis also revealed a positive correlation between transformational leadership style and emotional intelligence، a negative correlation between transactional leadership style and emotional intelligence، but not significant relationship between Laissez faire leadership style and emotional intelligence.