فصلنامه شخصیت و تفاوت های فردی
سال پنجم شماره 13 (پاییز 1395)

When stereotyped masculine gender roles, that are prescribed by society, “have negative consequences or impact on the person or others” (O. Neil, 1981b), a psychological state is produced, that James O. Neil calls it “Gender Role Conflict”. The present study was aimed to investigate into the relations of gender role conflict with personality dimensions and facets, using seven factor model of personality. 190 male students from university of social welfare and rehabilitation sciences and Tehran university completed an inventory including demographic variables, gender role conflict scale (GRCS; Persian form), and temperament and character inventory-revised (TCI-R; Persian Form). According to the results from multiple regression analyses, personality dimensions significantly predict gender role conflict and its four factors. Also, it appeared that gender role conflict has significant negative relations with novelty seeking, reward dependence, self-directedness, and cooperativeness; and positive relations with harm avoidance and persistence. Also, gender role conflict and its factors have specific relations with some temperament and character facets. The immaturity of self-directedness and cooperativeness, along with the configuration of temperament dimensions in men with high gender role conflict demonstrate the probability of more prevalence of personality disorder, specially obsessive-compulsive personality disorder among these men.

The relationship between personality characteristics and substance use has been shown in varies studies. However, it is little known about the mechanisms through which personality could impact addiction tendency and substance use experience. Therefore, the present study investigated in frame of a model the role of five factor model of personality in addiction tendency and substance use experience.
The number of 300 (124 mal and 176 female) students were selected through available sampling from Kharazmi university and were assessed employing NEO Personality Questionnaire and addiction tendency Questionnaire. Data were analyzed based on correlation tests and path analysis using SPSS and Mplus softwares.
Result showed that all of personality factors have significant correlation at least with one of addiction tendency and/or substance use variables. The suggested model had excellent fitness with data. Neuroticism directly (β=0.10, P Although all of personality characteristics had a kind of association with addiction tendency and substance use, the role of neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness is more prominent and future studies on the relationship between personality and substance should be more focused on these variables.

The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of Need for Drama scale. The whole students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University, educated in 2015-2016, comprised the statistical population of this research. From this population, 350 students were selected by convenience sampling and participated in this study. Need for Drama scale (Frankowski et al, 2016) was used to collect data. The research method was correlation. Pearson correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha and first and second order confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyzing data. Result showed that there is significant correlation between Need for Drama and its subscales (Interpersonal manipulation 0/73, - Impulsive outspokenness 0/68 and Persistent perceived victimhood 0/64-p

The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of suicide ideation and rumination in predict of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in trauma-exposed individuals. This research was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of the study composed of all people under the auspices of Committee on Relief or Martyr Foundation because of exposure to at least one traumatic event in Gilan-Gharb city in 2016. Among them, 120 persons were selected using stratified random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires about post-traumatic stress disorder Mississippi (Keane, Cadell & Taylor, 1988), suicidal thoughts Beck (Beck and Esther, 1991) and rumination inventory (Nolen-Hoeksema, Morrow, 1991). Using Pearson's correlation coefficient, multiple regression analysis and software SPSS 20, the data were analyzed. The results of the study indicated that symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed individuals is positively related with suicidal ideation (0/53 = r; P

Extramarital affair as a growing crisis in Iran, is accompanied with serious damages in dimensions of individual, couple, family and social and has an important role on the family dissolution and couple' divorce. The purpose of current study was the qualitative study of the personality characteristics of men with infidelity (extramarital affair).The present study carried out by the qualitative method and the phenomenological approach. The statistical population of this study consisted of all infidelity men (extramarital affair) of Shahindej city that after identifying a large number of them by the researcher (identified persons either were familiar with researcher or were identified by introduction of the friends), that among them 8 men were selected using purposive sampling method to attend in the research and were interviewed. All the interviews were tape-recorded and then transcribed verbatim and finally analyzed through method of interpretive analysis of Diekelmann, Allen, & Tanner. 8 semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzing the data from interviews led to the identification of 210 primary code (important statements), 35 sub-themes and 6 central theme Including (sexual diversity demanding, low self-confidence, lack of religious commitment , weakness or lack of consciousness, avoidant attachment and sensation seeking). Data analysis of the study led to identifying of six personality characteristics of the infidelity men that is influential in their tendency toward extramarital affair, Therefore, these results can be used to develop programs for educating young couples and prevent from the occurence of extramarital affair crisis.

The aim of the present study was to investigate cognitive distortion in adolescents with and without separation anxiety (SA). A descriptive, casualcomparative design was applied. The statistical population consisted of all high school students in Roodsar city in 2014-15 out of which, 160 students (N=80 with SA, N=80 without SA) were selected via accessible sampling method. The data was collected by Adult Separation Anxiety Questionnaire (Manicavasagar, Solive, Wagner, and Drobny, 2003) and Cognitive Distortion Checklist (Aaron Beck, Baruch, Balter, Steer, Warman, 2004), and analyzed via multivariate analysis of variance. The findings showed that cognitive distortion was higher in SA adolescents (P