فصلنامه مطالعات روابط بین الملل
پیاپی 30 (تابستان 1394)

Nuclear deal between Iran and the P5 + 1 in Vienna on 23 June 94 is as a historic day in the history of international relations. The success of nuclear talks between Tehran and the P5 + 1 is example of the importance and stressing on politics and international diplomacy and will be the base of stability in the region and can be described this agreement as a victory for diplomacy. After two years of negotiations, long-term agreement between Iran and the P5 + 1 on Iran's nuclear activities and of sanctions was obtained. On 20 July 2015, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 2231 with a comprehensive program of joint action (Barjam). Security Council resolution allowing the transfer of certain nuclear-related equipment to Iran, change two waterfalls at Fordow and updates to Arak’s reactor. The resolution also authorized transfers of nuclear related activities for the implementation of specific obligations in the Barjam knows permitted. European Council also issued a statement which approved first legal action in the form of written procedures to begin implementation of a comprehensive program of action adopted accordingly. Views on the nuclear deal are different, West described it good and fair deal while Iran believes that this agreement has been made in response to the demands of the nation but the agreement has not recognized by Israel. So that Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has described the agreement as a historic mistake. Persian Gulf countries also have expressed concern that this agreement is an international cover for nuclear activities of Iran. Reactions to this agreement are different and at a time when many countries have welcomed, Israel strongly opposed this and Saudi Arabia have expressed doubts about it. Israel is at the head of the victim of this agreement, Israeli officials believe Iran has achieved great prizes with the agreement that the award of hundreds of billions of dollars and Iran with such an award can continue their hegemony in the region and the world and this is a historic mistake. This paper investigates and analyzes the content of nuclear talks between Iran and America until the Security Council's 2231 resolution.

The role of regional actors in the process of state-building in Afghanistan during the Taliban era and after his fall can be in terms of influencing the three key players, including Iran, Pakistan and Russiaand actors on the periphery of Europe, Japan and semi-peripheral players include America, Saudi Arabia, India and China split.Political, geographical, economic, social and ethnic Afghanistan has made this country has always been under the influence of regional and trans-regional powers.Pakistan is one of the most influential countries in developments in Afghanistan so that in the period of Taliban rule, the relations between the two countries wasvery good but after the fall of the Taliban, relations between the two countries were severely strained.During the five years of Taliban rule led to many difficulties for the Government of Indiaand in fact, unprecedented expansion of terrorist infiltration and destabilization in Kashmir Valley yieldedbut relations between the two countries improved after the fall of the Taliban.Eradication of the Taliban regime fall under major threat from Iran's eastern bordersand groups close to Iran gained the power in Afghanistan and promotes ties with Iran. This paper explores and analyzes the role of regional and sub-regional actors in the three countries, Pakistan, India and Iranand their influence in the process of state-building in Afghanistan during after the fall of the Taliban.Significant topic in this article, so as to Iran and Pakistan have already cast their Afghan crisisthe semi-peripheral status have found that Pakistan's role was overshadowed by the role of America. Iran also has the potential to influence Afghanistanbut seriously hinder America from using this feature.

The terrorism event of 11th September 2001 and invasion of U.S to Afghanistan during less than one month after this event (in 7th of October of the same year) makes Afghanistan as a focal point in U.S foreign policy. In this direction political and security changes in Afghanistan after raid to this country and capture it by allied forces, has been one of the most important and complicated regional and international challenges during past decay. This problem has been under the influence of some factors like bases, interests, objects and different policies, and in some various cases regional and international actors, in face of Afghanistan and uncertainty of common regional policy with respect to it. This changes has caused continuous political, social and security quarrels in this country. In a present century, whatever threatened the American interests in a view of U.S leaders is terrorism phenomenon. On the other side the focal point of U.S foreign policy in new thousandth is struggle with terrorism. American existence threat in recent years isnt from the side of international famous actors; the main disturbance of U.S leaders isnt arising from the interests struggle with continental powers or provisional powers but their pioneer challenge coming a different kind of actor in a scene. It is for the first time that the U.S during its history encounter with N.G.O actor as a main threat, so the U.S encounter with a threat that can call emergence of emerge terrorism. U.S hegemony power and vital role of this country in the world is a factor that create a universal new order and from the other side powerful presence of U.S in Afghanistan territory during past 13 years finally lead to drawn up Kabul-Washington security contract during Ashraf Ghany government caused that I reimburse to the role of U.S foreign policy in drawing up this contract and effect of it in the security of region and Islamic republic of Iran.

Rise of terrorism group in the Middle East shows a new chapter in security problems in region. The faster act of spreading ISIS in Iraq and Syria explain this point that terrorism movement isn’t tradition form but inexpert is globalization process and relation system. The main question is that how do globalization cause growth ISIS. Hypothesis is that globalization process agency creation relation system and reduces influence of state cause rise ISIS. This research using descriptive and analytical methods and the use of authentic documents and social identity approach to this conclusion that open communication system in addition to increasing social consciousness to the formation of a new anti-government entities in the region that ISIS also taking advantage of this opportunity and weaken governments emerged.

Iraq socially textured mosaic of ethnic groups in numerous sectarian. Three demographic and Political nature of the country always has potential areas of tension and separation. America and its allies attack and the fall of Saddam's regime, released the fundamental forces in the north and south of Iraq, who were repressed for many years and provide them an opportunity to gain a greater share of power in Baghdad's government. Shia ‘a, Sunni and Kurdish are three main ethno-sectarian groups with different interests in Iraq. What matters over the role of the Shia’s in the process of state-building in Iraq is that the Shi’a in the past decades due to various reasons was out of power. The fall of Saddam's government caused that the role of Shia’s authority role as an active political force and actor, being increasingly discussed.This study sought to examine the role of the Shia’s authority in Iraq's state-building process with an emphasis on strengthening the rule of Shia’s Ayatollah Sistani’s thought. According to the structures of ethnic, tribal and religious in today's Iraq policy, it seems that legal and political positions of today authority about the role of supervision, guidance and actors in the political system, has an important influence on political and social developments and state-building process by strengthening Shia’s rule in today Iraq.

Since 2010 the organization called the Islamic State has emerged as the most dangerous terrorist outfit in the Middle East. This article examines the factors that have interacted to shape the organization since it appearance in 2003. It also discusses the internal factors that have contributed to the organization's success in the region. It argues that factors such as the spread of Salafi and jihadi thought among the Sunnis in the Muslim world, big power intervention in the area, and the so-called Islamic awakening have been the most prominent reasons behind the rise of Islamic State. It also contends that the organization owes its success to the popularity of its message among the Sunnis, its military prowess, good governance, and efficient utilization of its financial resources.