فصلنامه مطالعات روابط بین الملل
پیاپی 43 (پاییز 1397)

The United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDP) is being developed in a consultative process between the agency's development agencies and member states, and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) is also one of a set of United Nations specialized agencies dedicated to developing countries and Underdeveloped was formed in 1966. Development in any country occurs when planners develop strong programs that fit the environmental conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of United Nations development plans on the development plans of the Islamic Republic of Iran (opportunities and challenges). The quest for this research is to answer the question of how did the United Nations Development Plans affect the development plans of the Islamic Republic of Iran? The United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDP) is divided into four groups: Environment, Health, Resistance Economics and Drug Control. In this study, a descriptive-analytical method has been used. The results of the study showed that the United Nations Development Plans as an independent and exorbitant variable influenced the development plans of the Islamic Republic of Iran as a dependent variable, and the transformation of the United Nations development programs into the development programs of the Islamic Republic of Iran Has undergone transformation.

America relies on more than half a century experiences in dealing with the Middle East, considers Egypt, a key country in the region. In other words, Egypt is the anchor of stability and security to the West especially America, as in the past decade, Washington and Cairo have close and continuous cooperation to meet common strategic interests in the Middle East. With the Arab Spring developments and overthrow of Mubarak, America's policy toward Egypt was faced with challenges. However, the United States has tried to manage these developments, and Obama administration, regardless the type of Egyptian government, maintained its continuous relationship with this key Middle East country. Despite widespread developments after the Arab Spring in Egypt, the United States maintained the same policy aims from its relationship with Egypt. What are the reasons for the continuation of US foreign policy towards Egypt, especially under Obama's presidency? This research by using descriptive and analytical method and with the use of library and internet resources intends to study and explore the reasons for the continuation of relations between the two countries.

Energy diplomacy can be considered as part of the macro-energy policy of Iran in different periods. This will provide the necessary resources to maintain and increase Iran's share in the global economic market. Energy as a geopolitical variable has opened a special place to power relations in the contemporary global system and access to energy resources for all levels of global hierarchy of power has become strategic. Hence, each of the actors in the global system is seeking a meaningful definition of the position of their energy diplomacy in the world. In the meantime, Iran, with its second largest oil and natural gas reserves in the world's second largest strategic energy ocean center, has an important place in global energy developments.
This paper tries to study the issue of energy diplomacy as one of the strategic necessities of Iran. The hypothesis of the paper emphasizes that the use of energy diplomacy provides the necessary ground for reducing international constraints on Iran. The methodology of this paper is based on the approach of international political economy (interdependence).

With the escalation of the globalization process and, consequently, the increasing growth in the number and diversity of international actors, we are witnessing the emergence of a new pattern in the world politics that is distinct from traditional approach of international relations, and on contrary, it shares many similarities to the quantum model of international politics. As the other rules of classical international politics do not have to proper explanatory capacity for the events the international system, it is inevitably necessary to apply a new pattern of global politics, which is referred to as the quantum model of international politics. In the light of the revival of religion, it has been called today as an important actor in the field of global events.
This research seeks to examine the role of religion in the quantum model of international politics. Accordingly, the finding of this study is that today, semantic factors and especially religion, are one of the most important factors affecting the formation of identity and, consequently, the interests of the actors of the international system, and it is therefore necessary to correctly identify its internal logic. This research addresses religion as one of the important elements of the quantum mechanics model of international politics.

New geopolitics competition between the United States and Russia in order to control and reach energy resources and transfer lines are controversial in southern Caucasia. In recent years, in the field of the competition, the United States and Russia have been main actors of geopolitics play, oil play, and pipe line play or great play. Russia, as the earliest power to access the region oil transfer to the world market, has emphasized on its role and importance, placing traditional and monopolistic energy transfer to Europe in the center of its plans. The US, on the other hand, with the idea of predominating energy reserves and maintaining the security of pipe lines, follows the strategy of multiple pipe lines, while pivoting on the elimination of Russia from Southern Caucasia. With all this in mind, in this article, we are trying to research the two countries’ different policies in Southern Caucasia.

China's increasing power could be analyzed in two areas of soft and hard power. In the field of the extension and spread of China's hard power, one can say that in terms of financial and economic criteria, the country has experienced a rapid growth over the past three decades. In terms of soft power, the country with regard to its cultural elements, and especially with the use of the effective foreign policies, has achieved a significantly regional and global influence. This study seeks to answer the fundamental question that, what is the nature of China's soft power and, what are the basics and principles which this power relies on? In order to answer these main questions, we will attempt to answer other questions in this regard, including what are the targeted geographic areas of China's soft power? And basically, to consolidate and expand its soft power, what tools and resources are used by China? This study, in analyzing the principles of China's soft power, emphasizes the importance of China's Confucian culture and Shows how China enjoying various facilities in the field of cultural diplomacy and by using the economic instruments and its active foreign policy, has gained a considerable power and influence at the global level, especially in its soft power targeted areas.