فصلنامه علوم و فنون بسته بندی
پیاپی 21 (بهار 1394)

For Companies operating in the age of convergence of the quality of the products، differentiation is inevitable. Packaging as a differentiation tool can be a remedy in this way. One of the differentiating ways in packaging is to design a kind of packaging that possesses some aesthetic aspects by which the product and even the brand of it can be recognize. Previous researches showed that having a packaging with aesthetic considerations can create some new experiences for customers (specially customers who search for aesthetics) and lead to some functional and symbolic outputs and thereby increase their tension to repurchase، paying more and a constant relationship with the packaging and the brand. This paper will attempt to present a comprehensive analysis on packaging from the aesthetic point of view. Referring to the past researches، aesthetic aspects of packaging and their consequences on customers’ attitude and behavior would be discussed in detail. At the last part of the paper، we try to suggest some operational recommendations to designers and producers of packaging considering it’s aesthetic aspects.

The design of packaging is an important factor in selling any products، which should be done based on the customers taste، in a way that influence the costumers in a few seconds and persuades them to buy an special product. In this article، first the integrity of Bordio’s theory in Iranian community is tested and after proving the correctionand utility of this theory، we attempts to extract the visual elements in each class، becausethe taste and habits of each class is a key element in choosing visual elements fordesign of packaging. Therefore، a questionnaire was completed for determining the social class and people''s taste for choosing tea packs by 180 Esfahanian youth (between 25 and 35 years old). According to the results، it can be said the ideal visual elements and the meaning of “CHIC” are described differently in every class.

Nowadays، consumers demand safe and minimally processed foodstuffs without additives and with extended shelf life. As high-pressure processing is used increasingly for the treatment of packed products، different packagings has been investigated with respect to their structural behaviour and stability under high-pressure processing. Various defects may ocuure due to high pressure processing such as delamination، increasing the permeability and changing the mechanical and thermal properties and crystallinity and in some cases، these changes may cause limitations in applying the packaging for high pressure treatments. Therefore، packaging materials need to show sufficient flexibility and resilience to compensate the high pressure and maintain it’s integrity and yet be able to transfer the pressure to the foodstuff and has the minimum disadvantages on functional properties of packaging polymers.

Food packaging is inseparable step of the process، storage، distribution and marketing of the product. Proper Packaging increases the shelf life of food; for this reason that is one of the main characteristics in the food industry. One of the new concepts in food packaging is bio packaging، that is developed to respond to the needs of consumers and food products with higher durability. Using edible coatings and films as bio packagings، has received public acceptance in food products. One of the food products that mostly encounters packaging problems is cheese and the most important problem that affects the cheese quality and shelf-life is mold growth on the surface due to contamination during the transportation and packaging of the product after the process. Fungal growth on dairy products not only causes economical losses but also results in health problems owing to mycotoxin production. Antimicrobial agents can be applied for controlling microbial growth by dipping، spraying، or brushing it on food surface. However، the direct application of these techniques is laborious and has limited benefits. A recent method proposed to maintain food safety and to extend the shelf life of foods is the incorporation of natural antimicrobial agents into the bio-based packaging materials. Although many researches have been done about addition of antimicrobials to cheese، their application in edible films using in preservation of cheese has little progress.

In this study، the potential use of nano-coatings for food packaging industry has been investigated. Therefore، this study has been presented in three sections: the application of nanocoatings in the food industry، natural، edible and biodegradable nano coatings. The use of nanoscale or multiatomic coatings have presented specific features in the packing industry. Coatings which have shown their role in protection and beautification of surfaces will demonstrate their particular ability by nanotechnology''s aid today an especially in the future. Using nanoscale coatings، such as nano-materials with antibacterial properties without chemical germicides، chemical، alkali and heat resistant materials with good flexibility، abrasion and corrosion resistant lacquers with suitable flexibility and natural and edible coatings which will be changed according to the case and type of nanocoatings can offer beneficial capabilities in the food packaging industry. Generally speaking، the use of nanocoatings in packaging industry will result in increments in quantitative and qualitative properties of the food products and extend their shelf life.

This article is an overview of materials used for paper sizing to improve its packaging characteristics. Sizing is an important way of cellulose fibers’ modification as a mean to increase its resistance to absorption or penetration of fluids، especially water. From the functional viewpoint، this definition is equal to reinforcement through application of chemicals on paper or cardboard’s surface. Parameters such as printability، stickiness and transitory quality of paper which are very important in packaging industries may depend on various chemicals used. Nowadays، using natural materials such as paper and cardboard in packaging imposes fewer risks to the environment and health. Although paper or cardboard can be used in packaging natively، due to the product’s variety، marketing، reinforcement and attraction، the paper can be used in packaging through a secondary process. Packaged products may be placed under the pollution of petrochemical-based materials used in secondary processing operations of packaging industries like printing. One way to minimize these risks is the use of biodegradable materials in the operation. Natural ingredients including vegetable oils with high oleic after some adjustments can replace petroleum based materials. These materials besides decreasing the product’s cost، reduce environmental pollution، conserve natural resources and safety of the package.

Fluting paper which produced from NSSC pulp is the most important lignocellulosic sources for production of packaging papers. The usage of paper is prefered to other sources for packaging purposes considering some properties such as cheapness، being enviromentally friendly and recyclability. In this research، production of NSSC pulp from Populus deltoides clone 69-55 for packaging purposes and making fluting paper was investigated. Among 6 cookings with different conditions، the pulp with optimum conditions was selected for production of fluting paper. Then، the optimum pulp was refined to achieve freeness degree of 373 mlCSF and handsheets were made with grammage of 127 g/cm2. Then physical and mechanical Properties of papers were measured. The overall results indicated positive effects on NSSC pulp produced from P. deltoides to manufacture fluting paper for packaging purposes. The results revealed that the use of P. deltoides NSSC pulp compared to other processes and raw materials used shows satisfactory efects. Because of the importance of fast-growing wood species due to limitations in lignocellulosic resources and also acceptance of the resistance gained in the current study with standards ISIRI 3054 and ISIRI 3488، fluting paper produced using the process of paper pulp from P. deltoides NSSC pulp can be recommended for packaging and paper industry.