فصلنامه علوم و فنون بسته بندی
پیاپی 25 (بهار 1395)

Oxygen absorbers are one of the most important and the most application types of active packaging employed for food packaging that have been developed to satisfy the needs of their users for long shelf life, and controlled quality. Oxygen absorbers can effectively prevent the presence, and adverse effects, of oxygen on food materials. High levels of oxygen created in some food packaging can be caused of insects and aerobic microbes, undesirable changes in the growth perfume, taste, and color of food, and lead to loss of nutrients. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the oxygen content in the headspace of the package. One possibility is the use of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). But even at optimized processes the residual oxygen concentration is up to 0.1 – 2 %. To reduce this destructive oxygen. Therefore using such oxygen scavengers is that they are capable of reducing oxygen levels to less than 0.01 %.

The production of edible films with appropriate mechanical and appropriate characteristics is taken in to consideration as one of the potential technologies that can reduce loss of moisture, restrict absorption of oxygen and lesson lipids migration in foods. Starch is one of the most important polysaccharide polymers due to high purity, low price, biodegradable, ability to create films with good extensibility and good gas barrier properties which is taken in to consideration. However, starch films have low barrier properties to moisture and high Sensitivity to water. Cross- linking is one of the common methods of improving starch functional properties. Dou to toxicity of chemical cross- linking materials, more attention has been drawn to the use of organic acids. Citric acid with one hydroxyl and three carboxyl groups is the main organic acid for cross- linking. In this review article, the characteristic of edible films result of starch that a cross linking with citric acid, has been reviewed.

There is a long time that synthetic polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene are used as packaging materials and have a market about 12 million tons per year. The main problem of synthetic packaging materials is the time- consuming of its decomposition process. On the other hand, The pollution of plastic packagings materials by food or biological materials and migration from packaging to food created other problems which decrease food safety and cause of flavor. These problems, are the reasone of developing biodegradable packaging materials such as edible films made from polysaccharides and proteins. In this review paper, several proteins biopolymers derived from plant has been analyzed separately, to gether of characteristics, production conditions, properties of produced film and their application in food packaging industry.

One of the principles of sustainable and targeted packaging in food packaging in order to prepare consumer needs, is the role of packaging design indicators in the ability to seize it. Food packaging is especially important to consumer and must has high performance and should be opened easily by the consumer at the time of consumption, on the other hand it should observed health and safety issues in it. So one of the sustainable design strategies that should be made by designers in order to needing to existing or new packaging, is satisfying the needs of consumers. To make the package easily available, it should be easy to open without risk to the health of the consumer and also have good and high quality. Producers who do not adhere these factors, they should tolerate the negative effects and consequences of declining sales of their products.

In a technical definition, label or tag are called to the section of printed products in packaging, publishing, advertising, commercial or security printing industries that refers to the information of a product good with using texts, pictures, graphic elements and codes. Referring, statistics and information from international research institutes in the field of marketing and branching, more than 70% of purchase decisions are made in-store, near shelf's of products, without making previous decision. That's why the packaging quality of the final products, especially labels in the immediate choices have fundamental role. Great label printers that have dozens of branches around the world, have a common slogan: ” We are not the only manufacturer of labels for brands products, but also we help brand owners that their goods leave stores shelves soon. We enhance the power of brands as a hidden partner at the point of purchase”. We are the biggest hidden partner for the best international brands. label market is formed more than 30% of the total printing market volumes in Iran. Because so much of security printed products, packaging printing and even commercial is considered as a label or tag. According to label market studies by FINAT, total consumption of PS labels was 45-50 billion square meters in the world and 5.78 billion in European Union in 2012. This article will provide you with the strategic importance of the labels and related technologies and label markets in Iran.

During the recent past, environmental concerns have been risen on the increasing consumption of petroleum-derived chemicals to produce plastic packaging materials, So it is necessary to use high-strength packaging papers to enhance shelf life of food by inhibiting bacterial growth while providing further health safety for people. For this purpose, resistance of packaging papers and preparation of this target as common of processing methods such as refining and the addition of long fiber-pulp, as well as chemical treatment approaches such as dry- and wet-strength enhancement resins have been in use. However, layer-by-layer sediment way one of the new nanotechnology-based methods is used to enhance paper retaining characteristics and additive adsorption at fiber surface. The method contributes into the establishment of a set of chemical, physical, mechanical, and antibacterial properties for ink structure and layers within the paper. Layer-by-layer precipitation is based on the alternative precipitation of polycations and polyanions via electrostatic interactions. With the aim being to improve antibacterial properties of paper, a large deal of effort has been allocated to the development of organic/mineral hybrids based on metallic salts and biopolymers, so as to combine biopolymer bonding features with the characteristics of metallic ions. Chitosan a high capacity in terms of separating various metallic ions and also separating positively charged chitosan – metal ions, chitosan is expected to make the polymer adsorbed on the negatively charged surface of bacterial cells, so as to reduce growth phase of microorganisms within the paper-made packaging covers, enhancing the product durability and safety. This material have a longer life than organic antimicrobial agents, and cause reduce the use of nanometals in packaging papers. The present research seems to be necessary to come with innovative yet efficient new materials and antibacterial properties.

In recent years utilization of recycled papers in the manufacture of test liner and corrugated papers utilizing for corrugated containers were increasing due to economic and environmental aspects. Determination the quantity and quality of the pulp fiber has been important because of the importance of fiber in improving the properties required for cellulose-based packaging and determination of fiber quantity utilized, have been important dimension and identification measure of utilized fiber in packaging papers manufacture, including genera, species and percentage of the mixed fibers, can help paper maker to improve component quality of packaging papers, and also help to improve quality for carton. There are several standard test methods that are discussed in this article to identify and measure the cellular elements as features in the pulp Prepared from wood and non-wood plants fiber. These methods can be used to predict the composition of pulp and medium corrugated fiber that needed to provide the necessary characteristics of packaging and reducing cost by manufacturer prevent some problems during paper printing and converting.