فصلنامه علوم و فنون بسته بندی
پیاپی 27 (پاییز 1395)

Nowadays, modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) is well known in Iran like the other countries, and its commercial application is rising for many products. MAP is defined as packaging of a perishable product in an atmosphere which its combination is different with conventional atmospheric composition. When using this method of packaging, considering to the factors such as film thickness, the permeability of the film, as well as the respiration rate of fresh products are very important. While, the packaging method as above, is on this basis whether to be active or passive? At this paper outlines the affecting factors in this Packaging method such as thickness of the layer or film based on respiratory characteristics of the product, production mass, and the film used for packaging fresh products such as Fruits and vegetables are mentioned so that the final product has very high quality. The permeability Packaging film to oxygen should carefully be equal to the respiration rate of the fresh products inside the package that is achieved by reducing in the oxygen concentration and increasing in the carbon dioxide concentration inside the package. The goal of MAP is to reduce the respiration rate of the products, But not completely, leading to anaerobic respiration, because If the oxygen concentration inside the package is too low, the produce may undergo anaerobic respiration, And if the amount is not considered respiration and oxygen levels are too high, Products will not be long lasting.

Modified atmosphere packaging for fresh products is a dynamic system and depends on modifying the atmosphere inside the package which the result was two process of product respiration and transfer of gases through packaging film and leads to an atmosphere in higher CO2 and lower O2. The challenge is how mathematical models are presented to show product breathing and package permeability is closed in order to simplify the packaging design and reduce expense and time needed for traditional MAP using trial and error. The purpose of this research is to show the application of mathematical models in designing packaging with Modified atmosphere for fresh products. The mathematical models entered and calculated for respiration and product permeability in programming Software of MATLAB. In this designing can be modeled, respiration rate, temperature dependence of respiration and permeability and finally, packaging film, optimum weight within the package , optimum temperature, and amount of gasses can be Revealed.

Today, using efficient oxidizing agents, the possiblity of decolorization and removal of organic carcinogenic pollutants from Pulp mill wastewater and a paper on the one hand As well as the possibility of degradation of lignin Phenolic compounds and hemicelluloses available In dissolving pulp used in the packaging industry On the other hand is possible. Many studies have shown that Complex structure and aromatic of colors as a template and Favorite representative of toxic compounds are in the pulp industry and paper And if the oxidant can damage color molecules, Certainly can degraded and break down other toxic organic compounds Composition of this industry. In this study, the performance of fenton and fenton-like oxidation processes were investigated on decolorization and removal of organic carcinogenic pollutants of The colored waste of paper industry and packaging. This study , for example, analysis of aqueous solution containing paint "Acid Green 20 " is checked. The most important operational parameters for the removal of paint from the wastewater, determine and optimize that these factors include : pH initial oxidant concentration, concentration and type of catalyst [ Fe (II, III, IV) In this study, for example , analysis of aqueous solution containing paint "Acid Green 20 " is checked. The most important operating parameters for the removal of paint from th wastewater, determine and optimize that these factors include : Initial pH, concentration of oxidant, and catalyst concentration of iron (II, III, IV), cerium , potassium , aluminum, sodium and zinc [initial color concentration, and initial volume of wastewater influent flow rate, Finally after 10 minutes, Color removal efficiency for wastewater COD removal efficiency of 99 % and 93 % colored simulated and real wastewater Hashtgerd karaj located in Karaj, to 90 percent which represents degraded paint and other organic materials, the materials and Non-toxic and colorless by Fenton and Fenton's oxidation. Also assessment Waste removal and semiconductor wastewater assessment was conducted on two scales. The study found that the addition of divalent iron -based catalyst in the process Fenton iron sulfate , iron, potassium and cerium in the Euphrates cerium ammonium nitrate in separately to an important loss Fenton 's oxidation processes faster and with efficiency of 99 % as well as lead paint removal. Fenton oxidation mechanism with the first order kinetic models showed acceptable agreement (987/0 = R2) and the rate constant k1 (1 / min) 43/0 respectively.

Petroleum derivate such as plastics represent a serious environmental problem. To this aim, recent research has focused on the Improve food packaging of Environmental openness for food products. The production of this new type of packaging requires checking of the impact of each of the ingredients on the packaging material of the basic features. essential oils have important synthetic oil for use in packaging food Environmental openness that this is mainly due to natural and functional properties (antioxidant / antimicrobial) properties of oral them and may not be biodegradable. film in food packaging on various properties (appearance, texture, etc.) affect all of these factors directly affect the product was Customer friendly.. The purpose of this article is to review the latest findings about the effect of oil on the characteristics of films and edible coatings such as molecular structure, physical properties (texture, Inhibitory and Appearance) , antimicrobial properties and anti-bacterial. What has been achieved so far from various studies is that Essential oils affect the integrity of the polymer matrix, and it is depends of the type of oil and polymer reaction leads to physical changes. In general, the structure of film is weakened by adding oil if the Water resistant be strengthened and transparency of film is reduced. Essential oil Can create antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in the film . Essential oil mixtures and polymer oil reactions determines its impact as an active component.

Nowadays more companies are developing sustainable packaging. In this paper in two separated studies on detergent and mixed nuts packages, we manipulated their visual appearance and verbal sustainability claims that communicate eco-friendliness, and then we tested their impact on emotional attitudes and purchase intentions of consumers. Results of the survey of Two examples of non-student show that The consumer concern about the environment affects on their response to visual appearance and packaging verbal claim . The consumers with Low environmental concern were (not) sensitive to incongruence in visual appearance and verbal sustainability claim and didn’t show negative responses. Next, we demonstrate that brand ethicality will be the mediator, the relationship between the interaction of the visual appearance, the verbal sustainability claim and environmental concern and purchase intention.

Now-a-days all the researches have focused on the concept of packaging properties improvement for products. In this study some of these investigations are reviewed with the scope of food packaging by polylactic acid (PLA). The main application of polylactic acid packaging is limited to the raw food materials and their shelf life is about three to five, even in the refridge. Wider applications of polylactic acid (PLA) for other food products depend on the possibility of its throughput properties improvement, and especially reduction in gas and water vapor permeability. Regarding to these aspects, three approaches of polymer, coated polymer and polymer blend implementation suitable for throughput properties improvement are illustrated. Improvement of throughput properties in food packaging have a great importance as it is crucial to inhibit the entrance of unwanted vapors and gases into the packaging and the escape of needed components from the packaging. In the three aforementioned methods, Poly lactic acid (PLA) is used as a base material and its throughput properties are improved by implementation of different coatings or suitable polymer blend. The throughput properties of Poly lactic acid (PLA) are not effective against oxygen and water vapor permeation which are critical parameters for food products durability. Hence different methods are suggested to enhance the throughput properties of Poly lacticacid (PLA):Using hybrid organic/inorganic nanostructures as a coating for Poly lactic acid (PLA)
Method of blend of Poly lactic acid/Poly propylene (PLA/PP) film with different ratios
Using Poly lactic acid (PLA)/silicate nano-composites

Production of Biodegradeable composites manufacturing in recent years has caused extensive studies in the field of optimization and more applications. Production of multi-component composites with biopolymer materials can resolve Problems caused by non-return of polymeric materials on the natural cycle. Biopolymer materials, reduces mechanical and rheological properties of the nanoparticles helps to improve these properties. In this study, nanoparticles of titanium dioxide to the composite polyethylene / starch percentages of 30, 40 and 50 of the biopolymer starch were added and mixed in a twin-screw extruder. Mechanical, rheological and biodegradability Properties of the composite were studied. The results show that the elongation at rupture in nano-composite polyethylene / starch, containing 30% and 50% starch, by 92/74% and 37/91%, while the amount of the polyethylene net is 122%. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the polymer matrix of the composite polyethylene / starches such suppliers are compatible.
Environmental degradation properties of nanocomposites also increased by increasing the percentage of starch.