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Nursing Practice Today - Volume:5 Issue: 1, Winter 2018

Nursing Practice Today
Volume:5 Issue: 1, Winter 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/11/20
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
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  • Maryam Esmaeili * Pages 216-218
    In qualitative studies, researchers seek to discover meanings of human data by adoption of naturalistic approaches; hence, data collection methods are particularly important (1). Photovoice is an innovative data collection method which can provide deep and rich information for researchers. Photovoice is a term consisting of two words, photo and voice. It was first introduced as a data collection method for community-based participatory research (CBPR) by Wang and Burris in 1997 (2). According to these researchers, Photovoice is a process in which participants are able to record several issues in their society by cameras and they can play roles as potential facilitators to make a difference in their society. In this process, participants, who are volunteers in their society, have effective participation in sharing their experience and knowledge with researchers and policymakers. In other words, the Photovoice means expressing their life experience through photography (3). photovoice has three main goals: 1) to enable people to record and reflect their community's strengths and concerns, 2) to promote critical dialogue and knowledge about important issues through large and small group discussion of photographs, and 3) to reach policymakers (4). The main nature of Photovoice is considered as a way to empower individuals to identify individual and social health needs and make changes to improve society where people live (5). However, since people use their cameras to take photos of their daily facts and focus on issues with the highest importance in this process (6), this process is taken into account by researchers of qualitative studies as a data collection method for a deeper understanding of phenomena. Photovoice is applicable in every age group and any context and status of health and disease (2,7). This technique can be used in phenomenological studies, Grounded Theory, Ethnography, and Participatory Action Research (PAR) (2,8,9). In Photovoice method, researchers initially determine target issues or questions, and then select participants who are related to target issue, and voluntarily include them in the research. In the next step, researchers explain them the research objectives and how to use the camera and techniques of photography, observing safety issues and ethics. After taking photos by participants, each photo is discussed and analyzed through interviews or by focused groups. Therefore, researchers ask people 5 questions about reasons for selection of photos and also their feelings and emotion by SHOWeD
    Method
    1. what do you see in this picture? 2. What is happening in this picture? 3. What connection does it have with our life? 4. Why is this situation created? 5. What can we do for it? After this stage, researchers analyze the content and extract semantic units and codes and themes based on the interviews. Results are then presented for policy makers or other stakeholders in participatory or community-based case studies with the aim to make changes in target issue; and photos are published in galleries, websites, magazines and papers if necessary (2,10, 11). Photovoice is a method which emphasizes on participant's direct participation as a co-researcher in the study. Participants take desired photos, and then themes are identified in a collaborative process with researchers. In other words, reflection, thoughts and feelings which describe a photo, are written for it, and then participants discuss their experience in a group and extract common themes through photos and writing reflections (8). Photovoice method has a particular conformity with philosophy and methodology of structuralism or development and construction of meaning through individual experience. In other words, photos display what participants understand, are interested in or worried about. Data of similar photos of analysis stage of qualitative data is discovered through participant's collaboration by data encoding, and then the formation and interpretation of themes appear. Ethical principles should be established in performing the Photovoice. 1) The individual property and privacy are shown in photos, and thus photos should be protected in this regard. 2) Photos may show images of an illegal relationship or other harmful items, and thus the individual safety should be provided. 3) Selection of photos should be based on participant's choice and published by their consent. 4) Photos, which are interesting for researchers and not based on the participant's real experience, may be taken. 5) Participants transfer ownership of photos by signing the consent form. 6) Participants have the right to choose (2). In the health care system, qualitative studies aim to conduct deep assessment of complex phenomena which nurses are faced. It is very important to reach perceptions, live experience and see the world from participant's perspective. In the recent two decades, Photovoice is utilized in qualitative studies on the health especially in nursing research as a way to explore individual experience of disease or other phenomena (12). Photovoice is a valuable method which helps qualitative researchers as a third eye to observe hidden parts of individual experience, desires, history, culture, problems and needs. Therefore, use of multiple sources in data collection can help to increase data richness in qualitative studies. Therefore, researchers are suggested using Photovoice method based on the research questions in addition to interview as the most common method of qualitative data collection.
  • Jacqueline Maria Dias, Khairunnissa Hooda Pages 219-221
    Background And Aim
    The role of the Nurse Practitioner (NP) is gaining importance worldwide. Many countries in the West and Europe have embraced this new role. The Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) initiated the role of NP for five mid-level nurses in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit. The program was developed and run jointly by the Department of Cardio- thoracic surgery, Critical Care Nursing services and the Aga Khan School of Nursing and Midwifery. The program was a hospital certification program.
    Case Report: The program was based on the work base model which allowed the NP’s to study and work at the same time. Blended Learning methodologies were utilized. The process from conceptualization to implementation will be outlined.
    Conclusion
    This paper will discuss the innovation of the new role of NPs. The challenges encountered as well the strengths and weaknesses will be discussed with a view that lessons learnt will go a long way in setting up similar NP programs locally and regionally.
    Keywords: Nurse Practitioners, Work based learning, Blended learning, Nursing competencies
  • Agus Santosa, Danong Erdiawan, Elsye-Maria Rosa Pages 222-227
    Background and Aim
    This study aimed to determine the effects of insulin injection site and interval timing to the control of postprandial glucose in diabetes mellitus patients type 2.
    Methods & Material: The study was an experimental with Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The population were patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 in dr. Moewardi Hospital Solo, Central Java consisted of 60 respondents taken from simple random sampling and the respondents were divided into 4 blocks. Injection used was Rapid-acting insulin with the dosage prescribed by the doctor. Injection was done in four (4) locations; abdomen, deltoid, thigh and gluteus. The administration were 0 minutes (along with meals), 10 minutes before meal, 20 minutes before meal and 30 minutes before meal. Postprandial glucose levels were measured using a Glucometer. Data were then analyzed by SPSS 18 with Two-Way ANOVA and Tukey HSD.
    Result
    There were differences in postprandial glucose levels in people with diabetes who obtained insulin injection at the site of the abdominal, deltoid, thigh and gluteus (P
    Conclusion
    Injection of insulin made in the abdomen by the time of meals effectively controlled postprandial glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.
    Keywords: Insulin Injection Site, Time Interval Administration, Postprandial Glucose, Diabetes Type 2
  • Mahin Moeini, Sedigheh Aghaei, Leila Akbari, Mohsen Shahriari, Samira Abbasi Pages 228-234
    Background
    Considering the increased life expectancy of patients with colorectal cancer, concerns about the quality of life of these patients have increased. Regarding the importance of spirituality in lingered surgeries such as intestinal stomatitis, and the necessity of providing cares for these patients to give them hope for continuing living and accepting the treatment, the present study was conducted to evaluate the relation between spiritual attitude and quality of life among ostomy patients.
    Methods
    The present study was a descriptive analytical cross-sectional study that was conducted on 82 ostomy patients who referred to public and private wound centers of Isfahan and were selected through convenience sampling. Data gathering tool was a three-part questionnaire (demographic characteristics, spiritual attitude, and quality of life in ostomy patients). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of SPSS software version 18.
    Results
    According to the results, the relation of income and the duration of ostomy with the quality of life of the patients and also between the type of ostomy and the total score of quality of life and patients’ spiritual attitude were statistically significant (p
    Conclusions
    According to the results of the present study, nurses, as a professional group, by providing nursing supports and fulfilling spiritual needs of the patients during the hospitalization, besides enhancing the spiritual health of the patients, could improve their quality of life too.
    Keywords: Spiritual Attitude, Quality of Life, Ostomy Patients
  • Maryam Modarres, Maryam Mohammadi Nik, Tayebeh Ziaei Pages 235-242
    Background and Aim
    Sexual self-concept is providing recognition of sexual aspects of each person, which is derived from previous experiences, points out the recent experience and guides the sexual behaviors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relation between sexual self-concept and attachment styles in married women who referred to the health centers of Tehran in 2014.
    Methods & Materials: This descriptive analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 365 women of reproductive age (15 to 44 years old) who referred to the health centers affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Data gathering tools were demographic characteristics questionnaire, the standard questionnaire for sexual self-concept and the standard questionnaire for attachment. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient with a significant level of α = 0.05.
    Results
    Results showed a direct correlation between negative sexual self-concept and anxious attachment (p
    Conclusions
    Considering the direct correlation between positive sexual self-concept and secure attachment and also between negative sexual self-concept and non-secure attachment (anxious and avoidant), it is predicted that by appropriate planning for secure attachment, health sexual behaviors could be reached.
    Keywords: Sexual Self, Concept, Attachment, Married Women
  • Tahereh Najafi Ghezeljeh, Kobra Soltandehghan, Fatemeh Hoseini Pages 243-255
    Background
    The quality of life (QOL) in patients with psoriasis is low. Also, the self-management program as one of the useful methods for patient education helps with the management of chronic diseases.
    Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the self-management education on the QOL and the severity of the disease in patients with psoriasis.
    Methods
    This non-randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted with 99 patients hospitalized in a dermatology ward in a hospital in an urban area of Iran in 2016. They were selected using a convenient sampling method and randomly assigned into the intervention (n=50) and control groups (n=49). While the patients in the control group received routine care and education, those in the intervention group received self-management education consisting of three sessions of group education lasting between 20 and 30 minutes, discussions, educational booklet and telephone follow up one, two and three months after discharge from the hospital. Data was collected using the demographic data form, the dermatology life quality index, and psoriasis area and severity index.
    Findings: There were statistically significant differences between the intervention and control groups in terms of changes in the severity of psoriasis and QOL before and 3 months after the self-management education. Accordingly, the reduction of the severity of psoriasis and improvement of QOL after the self-management education was higher than the control group.
    Conclusion
    Nursing staff can use the self-management program as a low-cost approach along with the routine care for improving the QOL in patients with psoriasis.
    Keywords: Psoriasis, Quality of life, Self, care
  • Farnaz Rahmani, Sousan Valizadeh, Farzaneh Bagheriyeh, Morteza Ghogazadeh Pages 256-263
    Background
    Juvenile or type 1 diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic and endocrine disorder in the childhood and adolescence that affects quality of life. Some studies suggest that the most important strategy to control chronic illness is self-care behaviors. This study aimed to investigate self-care agency and quality of life among Iranian adolescents with diabetes mellitus type 1 referred to the Diabetes Center of Sina Hospital in Tabriz, Iran
    Materials And Methods
    In a descriptive correlational study, 120 diabetic adolescents were selected from a pool of referrals at the Diabetes Center of Sina Hospital using convenience sampling process. Adolescents completed a demographic and a clinical characteristics questionnaire, Diabetes-Specific Quality Of Life Brief Clinical Inventory (DQOL-BCI), as well as a Self-Care Appraisal Scale. Statistical analysis included Pearson correlation coefficient, independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA and linear regression. Data was analyzed by SPSS ver.17.
    Results
    There was a significant relationship between the quality of life and self-care agency (P
    Conclusion
    Diabetic adolescents experience poor quality of life with inadequate self-careagency. So, researchers emphasize the need for planning diabetic education programs based on self-care training to improve the quality of life.
    Keywords: Self, care, Quality of life, Adolescent, Diabetes Mellitus type 1(Juvenile)