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health, Safety and environment - Volume:1 Issue: 4, Autumn 2014

Iranian Journal of health, Safety and environment
Volume:1 Issue: 4, Autumn 2014

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1393/07/23
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
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  • Iraj Alimohammdi, Fatemeh Danesh* Pages 151-158
    Generally, no industry can be found to be safe in terms of noise pollution. Noise is the wide- spread form of environmental stressor in the industrialized urban areas.
    Aim
    the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the combined effect of workplace noise and smoking on some hematological parameters on employing work in a food manufacturing plant.This is a retrospective study before and after for five years since starting of the work. In this study, 50 male subjects participated: smokers (n=11) and nonsmokers (n=39), for further individual information and certain specific points, a developed standard questionnaire, were filled out by participants. For the past 4-year’s details, blood tests and medical records of persons since initially hired, were used. The details of the fifth year were measured by the presenters. Using the ISO protocol 1999 and 9612, workplace noise was measured and the noise map was drawn using arc-view GIS software. Statistical analysis SPSS software version 18 was investigated. Due to the nature of the study, the significance level was set at a P value ≤0.1. Statistical findings and laboratory data showed that the effect of noise and smoking on red blood cells and white blood cells of smokers and nonsmokers was significant (p<0.1), so that the amount of red blood cells in smokers who are exposed to noise exceeding 88.83 dB, is higher than nonsmokers, and the white blood cells are lower in nonsmokers in compared with smokers.Our findings showed that combined of workplace noise and smoking has severe adverse effects on hematological parameters, and these alterations might be associated with a greater risk for more diseases. It is notable that results are from a research effort of its researchers and it is not completely certain so further investigation will be needed.
    Keywords: Hematocrit, Hematological, Hemoglobin, Smoking, Work Place Noise
  • G. Goudarzi, S. Geravandi, M.J. Mohammadi*, S. Saeidimehr, A. Ghomaishi, Sh. Salmanzadeh Pages 159-165
    PM10 emissions are defined as PM emissions that are less than ten microns in diameter. Long exposure of suspended particles as showed in his personal life. PM10 can cause harmful health effects such as the prevalence of bronchitis and reduced lung function in children and adults. Major sources of emissions are causing by human intervention particulate road traffic، stationary combustion and industrial processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate health- effects of carbon monoxide exposure in Ahvaz city (located in south-western Iran)، during 2012. PM10 data were collected through Ahvaz Meteorological Organization and the Department of Environment. Raw data processing by Excel software includes (instruction set correction of averaging، coding and filtering) and after the impact of meteorological parameters was converted as input file to the Air Q model. Finally، respiratory mortality، cardiovascular death and hospital admissions respiratory disease of PM10 exposure was calculated. The results showed that the approximately 17% of total respiratory mortality، cardiovascular death and hospital admissions respiratory disease happened when the PM10 concentrations were more than 30μg/m3. The results showed that the concentration of PM10 was related to Ahvaz with an annual average 321 μg/m3. Sum of cardiovascular and respiratory death attributed to PM10 were 1055 and 189 cases in 2012. The higher percentage of these deaths perhaps could be the result of higher average PM10 or because of sustained high concentration days in Ahvaz. Therefore، the higher relative risk value can depict mismanagement in urban air quality.
    Keywords: PM10, Respiratory mortality, cardiovascular death, Hospital admissions, Ahvaz
  • Narmin Hassanzadeh-Rangi, Yahya Khosravi*, Ali-Asghar Farshad, Hamed Jalilian, Fatemeh Falaki, Rezvan Abedinlo, Hassan Sharafkhaneh, Sepideh Majdabadi Pages 166-171
    Urbanization is growing rapidly in recent centuries. This phenomenon can cause many changes in various aspects of human life including the economy, education and public health This study was conducted to assess the Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) problems in Tehran neighborhoods.A new instrument was developed based on the results of a literature review and formulated during a pilot study. Through cluster sampling, 10 neighborhoods were selected based from 374 neighborhoods of Tehran. Six observers completed observational items during the field studies. Secondary data were used to obtain non-observation characteristics. Standard descriptive statistics were used to compare the HSE characteristics in sampled neighborhoods. Furthermore, control chart was used to as a decision rule to identify specific variation among sampled neighborhoods.Niavaran neighborhood had the best HSE status (52.80%±25.03) whereas Khak Sefid neighborhood had the worst one (20.09%±27.51). Standard deviations of HSE characteristics were high in different parts of a neighborhood. Statistical analysis indicated that significant differences in HSE characteristics exist among sampled neighborhoods.HSE status was in warning situation in both rich and poor neighborhoods. Community-based interventions were suggested as health promotion programs to involve and empower people in neighborhoods.
    Keywords: Health, Safety, Environment (HSE), Assessment, Community, based intervention, Neighborhood
  • Peymaneh Habibi, Habibollah Dehghan *, Shiva Rezaei, Kobra Maghsoudi Pages 172-176
    Heat stress risk assessment, as a harmful agent at workplace, is essential for controlling heat strain. The purpose of this study was relation between physiological and perceptual heat strain responses in Iranian veiled women under laboratory thermal conditions.This experimental study was carried out on 36 healthy females (age 22.3 ± 2.0 yr., height 162.76±5. 57cm, weight 55.82 ± 9.27kg) in sitting state under thermal conditions (27 - 38° C) in the hot-dry climatic condition for 120 min. In order to calculate the physiological strain index (PSI), oral temperature and heart rate were measured every 5 min. Physiological factors, and Heat Strain Score Index (HSSI) questionnaires are simultaneous measurements taken at any 5 min during the exposure and physiological factors, and Heat Strain Score Index (HSSI) questionnaires are the initial measurements. The data were analyzed using correlation and line regression by test spss16.The results showed that the average heart rate and oral temperature at resting and sitting were between 83.06 ±9.41bpm, 87.91 ±7.87 bpm and 36.7° C, 37. 1°C respectively. Also, the results have revealed a direct and significant and direct correlation among HSSI with WBGT (R2 = 0.97, P≤ 0.001), PSI (R2 = 0.96, P≤ 0.001), oral temperature (R2 = 0.96, P≤ 0.001) and heart rate (R2 = 0.62, P≤ 0.01) indices. The results have shown that simultaneously with the increase in valid indices of heat stress evaluation such as WBGT and PSI indices, the amount of HSSI index has also increased with high power. Therefore, it can be conclude that when there is no access to a reliable heat stress method such as WBGT or PSI indices, HSSI index, an objective and subjective heat strain method, can be used as a simple, fast and inexpensive method for evaluating the heat strain in women.
    Keywords: Heat Stress, Heat Strain Score Index, Physiological Strain Index, Wet Bulb Globe Temperature, Veiled Women
  • Malek Hassanpour* Pages 177-185
    Business and commerce are a chance to create wealth and economic development in companies and industries. Leader of companies must be containing a sense of relief and hope as one of the factors of production and wealth to enhance trust, cooperation between the organization and the community. In order to achieve at the Business Excellence (BE) is emphasized to the need for the simultaneous measurement of organizational performance on the Critical Success Factors (CSFs), environmental, social issues and challenges. Objective of current study was to evaluate of sustainable development in used motor oil industry using BE models. Therefore, a framework was discussed as distinct from other common practices to measure performance of an industry. The models allow multi -dimensional focuses on different indicators of the organization''s internal, external and CSFs. The check list method was used to collect data in site of industry in the present study. Then, obtained results were surveyed by models such as the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA), European Federation for Quality Management (EFQM) and Kanji’s Business Excellence Model (KBEM). Results of current analyze indicated that despite the fact that these models and approaches are different, but they are same in term of shared concepts. Finally, we can be able to say that the simultaneous implementation of these models and approaches can be a suitable process in the study of sustainable development of organizations. According to the obtained results of models, the case study industry was in sustainable development conditions.
    Keywords: Sustainable development, Business Excellence Models, Used motor oil industry
  • Fatemeh Bahadori*, Khadijeh Mirza, Alireza Behroozsarand, Sima Rezvantalab Pages 186-190
    Furnaces are the devices for providing heat to the industrial systems like boilers, gas turbines and etc. The main challenge of furnaces is emission of huge air pollutants. However, porous burners produce less contaminant compared to others. The quality of the combustion process in the porous burners depends on the length of flame in the porous medium. In this paper, the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) is used to investigate the porosity effects on the flame length of the combustion process in porous burner. The simulation results demonstrate that increasing the porosity increases the flame length and the combustion zone extends forward. So, combustion quality increases and production of carbon monoxide decrease. It is possible to conclude that temperature distribution in low porosity burner is lower and more uniform than high porosity one. Therefore, by increasing the porosity of the burner, the production of nitrogen oxides increases. So, using an intermediate porosity in the burner appears to be reasonable.
    Keywords: Burner, Porous media, Flame, Simulation
  • Iraj Alimohamdadi, Majid Jalilian*, Mansour Nadi Pages 191-195
    Petrochemical plants are high risk, high parameter, and high-energy units, with the potential risks of fire, explosion and poisoning. The severe accidents at Bhopal, Mexico City, Samton, Brazil, Panipat, Mumbai and many others have increased the public awareness of the health, property and environmental risks posed by chemical installations. The recent years have seen a convergence of scenario-based Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) studies, Layer of Protection Analyses (LOPAs), and Safety Integrity Level (SIL) determinations. The aim of the research was to study the hazardous scenario identified in the hydrogen unit of petrochemical plant and to determine the SIL for ESD system. 20 hazardous scenarios identified by HAZOP study and determined by SIL by applying the LOPA method for ESD system, were used to control the hazardous scenarios. KS-1, KS-2 and KS-3are three ESD systems applied in the hydrogen unit. The maximum SIL determined for ESD system was SIL3. Since the rise in SIL can be quite costly for the industry, adding other layers of protection can reduce the level of SIL for ESD (SIS).
    Keywords: HAZOP study, LOPA, SIL, ESD