نشریه مطالعات راهبردی جهان اسلام
سال شانزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 63، پاییز 1394)

The emergence of a phenomenon like ISIS is one of the most important recent incidents in the international arena. It seized a vast territory of two Islamic countries –Syria and Iraq –and fulfilled longstanding ambitions of Salafis to realize Caliphate. Threatening directly or indirectly the security of many countries of the world, this audacious group's accomplishments can be attributed to its quasi-religious discourse, high motivations owing to religious beliefs, flexibility and agility due to the organizational nature and structure, and many other reasons. In the meantime, professional and motivational quality of Isi's organizational elements – enrolled from all over the world –played an important role in the organization's achievements over the recent years. Professional, qualified, motivated and young human resources should be considered as one of the strategic power resources of Isis. By a combined (quantitative-qualitative) method, the present paper used library instruments and inventories to find out why young people from Islamic Countries have a tendency to join Isis. The findings showed that five forces of propaganda and media, psychological and motivational, background, belief and operational factors have an effect on the young people's tendency to join Isis.

The changes and developments in political-legal structure of modern Iraq brought about redefining the role of religion in the country's politics. It could be argued that the efforts of religious authorities and scholars have been largely beneficial in reviving the role of Islam in policymaking and legislative domain of Iraq, though foreign elements intrusion, especially Americans, in employing "the principles of Western democracy" and liberalism can be traced in many provisions of the Iraqi Constitution.
It can be said that, regarding racial -tribal texture and religious and ethnic diversity of Iraqi community, Islamist movements in Iraq, in line with religious authorities and scholars, still face many challenges and obstacles in retaining religious principles in governmental-legal structure of Iraq. In this paper we tried to examine the issue and produce response to some of its aspects.

Over the past years, concepts related to diplomacy have been expanded more than the past. In the meantime, wide-ranging discussions have been provoked about both "diplomacy" and "movement". But, if these two concepts come together, they form a broader concept called "movement diplomacy", the principles and characteristics of which have not been studied so far. Due to the importance of the liberation movements –especially the Islamic movements – in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran and with an emphasis on the fact that Iran has become the center of Islamic movements in the Islamic world, studying different aspects and dimensions of movement diplomacy is of great importance,. Accordingly, the present study intended to investigate the concept of diplomacy and movement establishing a relation between them. It explains movement diplomacy and clarifies its features and characteristics.

Over the recent decades, inspired by the sacred system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Shiites in East Africa, Especially in Kenya and Tanzania –two important and strategic countries –have turned socially and culturally into influential forces, thanks to the efforts of Twelver Shii squads as the organization of Bilal Muslim Mission. They also show promise to achieve position and play a positive role in the political arena in the light of the long-term management and plans.
Clearly, addressing the quality and conduct of Shiites relations with other majority Muslims take on a great importance for Shiites activity in these two countries. Furthermore, Shiite-Christian relations can have dramatic effects on attracting and leading them to Shia. It is because; in Africa –due to the characteristics of its people –religious conversion is undergone so easily. The present study tries to explain the nature and conduct of these relations and illustrate Shiite capacities in this regard.

Today the world is always volatile. Revolutionary uprisings and contentious political discourses, along with the uncertainty of variables on the scene, have turned politics into the most complex cognitive facet. Identifying political groups and currents within the political systems, is an important issue in understanding the political processes as well as the potentials and developments in countries and communities. This paper is intended to identify leftist currents in Egypt by a sociological approach. To this end, after describing the existent conditions of action, we will investigate leftist groups and currents of Egypt. Finally, studying party structure of Egypt and its developments following the revolution of January 25, 2011, the present paper tries to recognize the existent potentials for political activism to produce response to the complex question of the possibility or impossibility of the leftist's activity in Egypt's political future following the Coup of "General Sisi".