مجله سلامت جامعه
سال دوازدهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1397)

In terms of etiology, one of the clinical topics which makes it difficult to treat the post-traumatic stress disorder is co-alcohol abuse. Increased noradrenergic activity is the intersection of both disorders. The present study was conducted with the aim of examining the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol usage craving index. The present study was cross-sectional. There were two alcohol-dependent groups: in one group the participants had posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and in the other group the participants lacked posttraumatic stress disorder. Among the men who referred to Alcohol Anonymous Groups in Tehran, 80 participants that obtained the highest and the lowest scores based on the cut-off point of the posttraumatic stress disorder test were selected and assigned to the two groups of with and without posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms for comparison. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire and Usage Craving Questionnaire were completed by the participants. The collected data were analyzed using Chi-Square, independent t-test and Pierson correlation tests. The results showed that the mean [95% confidence interval (CI)] scores of craving in PTSD group was 11.72 (2.58) and in the control group it was 9.73 (2.24) with control (all P< 0.01). Also, a significant relationship was seen between the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol usage craving (p<0.01). The findings of the present study reflect the necessity of paying attention to the comorbidity of these two disorders and the role of this comorbidity in planning preventing and therapeutic interventions in the field of addiction.

Due to the nature of the job, the health of nursing staff is always at risk. Nurses who do not have a good mental and physical health will not be able to take good care of patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression in the nursing staff in intensive care units of Ali Ebn-e Abitaleb Hospital in Rafsanjan in 2017. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 using a census method on all the nurses (87 nurse) working in the intensive care units (NICU, ICU, CCU) of Ali Ebn-e Abitaleb Hospital in Rafsanjan. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire (14 items) and the standard DASS-21 questionnaire (21 items) and analyzed using a chi-square test. Regarding the mean and standard deviation of depression scores (10.80 ± 9.60), stress (12.14 ± 8.17) and anxiety (8.90 ± 8.02), the severity of these disorders in nurses was mild, normal and mild, respectively. The severe type of these disorders was observed in 13.8% (12 people), 9.2% (8 people) and 18.4% (16 people) of the nurses, respectively. The rate of depression in ICU nurses was higher than depression in NICU and CCU nurses. A significant statistical difference was found (p = 0.022). Regarding the findings of this study, given the importance of nursing profession and the effect of the prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression of nurses on job performance and quality of service to patients, it is necessary for the nursing managers to increase the mental health of this community, especially nurses working in the ICU.

Age-related physiological disorders and diseases increase the risk of decline in physical functioning. Sedentary lifestyle is associated with the deterioration of cellular aging biomarkers such as telomere length shortening. Telomerase is the main factor for the stability and extension of telomere length. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training on cardiac telomerase enzyme content andactivity in elderly rats. In this experimental study, 20 male Wistar rats (46 weeks of age) weighing 260 to 310 g were randomly assigned to two groups: the control group and the exercise group. The exercise group performed moderate intensity resistance exercise for 8 weeks, 5 days per week. Two weeks were considered for environment adaptation, biological rhythms and ladder familiarity. After two weeks, the major training protocol began, including three sessions of resistance training per week for eight weeks. 48 hours after the last training session, samples from the heart tissue were collected in fasting state. The PCR-ELISA method was used to measure the activity of telomerase, and the ELISA sandwich method was used to measure the telomerase content. Data were analyzed using an independent t-test. The results showed that the activity (p=0.002) and content (p=0.042) of telomerase enzyme in the training group was significantly higher than the control group. According to the results of this study, it seems that eight weeks of moderate-intensity resistance training can increase the activity and content of telomerase enzyme in the heart tissue of aged rats.

Reading problems are from among the most serious problems that children with learning disabilities are faced with. This study is conducted aimed at investigating the impact of the neuropsychological rehabilitation treatment on the problem-solving performance in patients with dyslexia disabilities. This study uses a quasi-experimental design with two groups of subjects. The first group is consisted of 10 people with dyslexia disabilities, and the control group is consisted of 10 individuals, i.e. people with dyslexia disabilities but with no intervention applied to them. Instruments included the neuropsychological rehabilitation program and the tower of London test. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 19 and the multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). The data analysis results showed that there was a significant difference (p<0/01) between the mean scores of the pre-test and the post-test of the experimental and control groups; this indicates that the neuropsychological rehabilitation treatment improves problem solving in people with dyslexia disabilities. Considering the positive effects of the current method that favors people with dyslexia disabilities, the results of this study demonstrated that the neuropsychological rehabilitation treatment could be an effective way used in achieving the optimum performance in people with dyslexia disabilities.

Depression is a common problem among young people that can affect their mental health. Spiritual and emotional intelligences can also improve the health of the person by strengthening personal relationships and spirituality. The aim of this study was to predict depression based on spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence in students of Ilam University in 2016. In this descriptive study, 368 students were selected using a random cluster sampling. Three questionnaires regarding depression, spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence were used as the means of data collection. The data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple linear regressions analysis. The results of the study revealed that there is a significant negative correlation between the spiritual intelligence (r= -0.36) and emotional intelligence (r= -0.35) with depression (p< 0.001). Regression coefficients for linear combination of spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence with depression was significant in the level less than 0.001. The results showed that Extending the consciousness state (ß= -0.38) had the greatest importance in explaining the variance of depression (R2=19%) (p< 0.001). It seems that spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence are related with student's depression. Therefore, it is suggested that therapists and counselors pay attention to these components in their agenda in the treatment and reduction of the rate of depression among these people.

Several methods of physical activities have been suggested to prevent diabetes. This study was done aimed at determining the effects of the 8-week intense interval training and combined strength-endurance training on secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) levels in women with type 2 diabetes. In this quasi-experimental study, 42 women aged 45-60 with diabetes and with the fasting blood sugar exceeding 126 mg/dL were selected and randomly assigned to three groups, including the SIT group (N =14), the combined exercise group (N =14), and the control group (N =14) who trained for 8 weeks. The SIT Group did the exercise 3 times a week, with 4-10 times of repetitions and the 30-second Wingate test was done on the ergometer with the maximum effort. The combined exercise group took the aerobic exercise 3 sessions a week with 60% of the maximum heart rate and 2 sessions per week of the resistance exercise taken at 70% with one repetition at maximum. The control group did not have any regular activity. The SPARC was measured using the blood samples 24 hours before and after the training periods. To analyze the data and determine the differences among the groups, the dependent t-test and covariance were used. The results showed that changes in the serum SPARC were not significant followed by any of the three SIT (p=0.54), combined (p=0.92), and control (p=0.52) groups. The comparison among the groups showed no significant difference among them (p=0.537). The results of the present study suggested that the 2 training protocols had the same effects on the factors related to insulin resistance. Furthermore, these two protocols were equally effective in improving SPARC. Thus, the use of the 2 training methods can be similarly efficient in improving insulin resistance.

In addition to biological and physical risks, psychological factors also play a role in the development and aggravation of essential hypertension disease which is a psycho-physiological disorder. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the comparison of dimensions of alexithymia with emotional intelligence, anxiety, depression and mindfulness in patients with hypertension compared with healthy individuals. Material and Methods: This is a descriptive and causal-comparative study. In this study, 100 patients (50 women and 50 men) with hypertension who referred to a cardiologist’s office in the city of Kermanshah in 2016 were selected by using an available sampling method, and 100 healthy people (50 women and 50 men) were selected and matched with the patients group among the people accompanying the patients and among the hospital staff. Data were collected using questionnaires of demographic variables, TAS-20, HADS, PFEIQ, and MASS was used to analyze the collected data. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests and independent t-tests. The results showed that there is a significant difference (p<0.05) between the two groups in hypertension and normal physiological variables in weight, body mass index, difficulty identifying feelings, difficulty describing feelings and externally-oriented thinking; however, this difference was not significant in the case of the variable height (p>0.05). It was also found that there is a significant difference (p<0.05) between people with hypertension and healthy people in all psychological variables studied, namely alexithymia, depression, anxiety, mindfulness, and emotional intelligence. In addition to biological factors, psychological and behavioral factors, which changes more easily, are associated with hypertension. It is suggested that these variables be taken into consideration in the treatment of patients with essential hypertension.

Dispositional mindfulness is an important component of psychological health. Research shows that factors such as alexithymia and perfectionism affect mindfulness. The present research was performed with the aim of investigating the role of dispositional mindfulness on alexithymia and perfectionism among students of Tabriz University in the academic year 2016-2017. in a descriptive-correlational study, 150 students from the University of Tabriz selected by using the available sampling method participated in the present research. The data were gathered using a five-dimension mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ), a positive and negative perfectionism scale and a alexithymia scale (TAS-20). The data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test and the linear regression analysis in the SPSS software. The results showed that there is negative relationship between difficulty in identifying feelings with mindfulness (B=0/24, p=029). Also, negative perfectionism (B=/029) and positive perfectionism (B=-/027) are able to predict the variance of mindfulness in students. According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that difficulty in identifying feeings and perfectionism (Positive and negative) can be determinants of dispositional mindfulness in college students.