مجله سلامت جامعه
سال هشتم شماره 2 (تابستان 1393)

Social support plays an important role in the reduction of postpartum maternal stress and has an influence on the mothers'' experiences. Mltiparous mothers need social support because they are faced with new challenges. The aim of this study was to compare the social support received by mothers in the first and second months of postpartum. This descriptive study was conducted on 200 multiparous referred to Mashhad health centers in 2010، which were chosen through multistage sampling. Data collection included the pregnancy questionnaire، maternity and baby، social support received in the postpartum period with a maximum score of 760. The content validity and criterion validity (r=0. 93) and Cronbach''s alpha reliability 0. 9 was determined. Data were analyzed using T test. Mean scores of social support on multiparous in the first and second months were 96. 0 and 90. 7 respectively. The results of t-test results showed a statistically significant difference (p=0. 000) in the mean scores. Social support scores from the first to second month showed a reduction trend. Based on the declining scores in this study، postpartum support for multiparous in the health centers is seems necessary.

Infancy is one of the most sensitive periods of life and breast milk is the perfect food for infants during the first few months of life. The aim of this study was to determine the status of breast feeding and some socio-economical determinants in Shazand City of Markazi Province in 2014. In this cross-sectional study، 283 mothers with newborns less than 6 months referring to Health centers of Shazand were selected using convenience sampling. Data was collected by demographic checklist، and analyzed with SPSS version 20، using descriptive statistics، Chi-square and fisher exact tests. In this study 70. 7% of the children were exclusively breastfed. Based on the result of the chi-square test، exclusive breast feeding was significantly lower in the high-income households (p=0. 004). Also، exclusive breast feeding was lower in the households with smaller family size (p=0. 010). Other variables did not show any significant association with breast feeding (p>0. 05). Exclusive breastfeeding in the city of Shazand shows a desirable situation. Health planning by officials and health education programs، especially for high income households about the importance of exclusive breast feeding is essential for the sustainment and promotion of this healthy behavio. r

Curcumin is the natural yellow pigment in turmeric isolated from the rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa. Curcumin inhibits formation and invasive cancer cells and destroys cancer cells resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs. The purpose of this study was the survey of effects of different concentrations of alcoholic curcumin on the OCT4، Nanog and Nucleostemin genes in the AGS (gastric adenocarcinoma) cell line. The AGS cell line was cultured in RPMI-1640 (Gibco)، supplemented with penicillin/streptomycin (100 U/ml and 100 lg/ml، respectively) and 10% fetal bovine serum، at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2. in 60–70% cell confluence، the cells were treated with Curcumin Cocentration (20،40، 100) μl and incubated for 24،48 and 72 hours. Finally، total RNA werecextracted and cDNA were synthesized and the expression of mentioned genes was detected. expression rate of OCT4A، OCT4B، NANOG and Nucleostemin (GLN3) at concentrations less than 20 µg/ml were reduced but OCT4B1 expression showed increased by hours respectively. The results showed that curcumin inhibited cell division، also، this study could be the basis for more extensive studies on the anti-cancer effect of the combined plants.

Psychological factors could be influential in the incidence of some problems such as eating disorders during the adolescent period،. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of perceived stress and coping styles on the eating disorders of high school students of Rasht city in 2013. This correlation study was performed on 370 high school students through multi-stage cluster sampling method in the 2012-2013 academic years. The participants responded to eating disorders'' scale، perceived stress scale، and coping styles questionnaire. The gathered data were analyzed by Spss-18، Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis. The results showed that there were negative significant relationships between positive perceived stresses with eating disorders (anorexia and bulimia)، and positive significant relationship between negative perceived stresses with eating disorders (anorexia and bulimia) (P>0. 01). Also there were negative significant relationships between problem- focused coping with eating disorders (anorexia and bulimia)، and positive significant relationship between emotional- focused coping with eating disorders (anorexia and bulimia) (P>0. 01). Finally، the results of the stepwise regression analysis showed that negative perceive stress، emotional- focused coping، and problem- focused coping could significantly predict 0. 15 percent variance of anorexia and 0. 18 percent variance of bulimia. As the results of current research indicates، psychological factors affect the eating disorders، therefore planning and holding educational workshops based on stress reduction and effective coping styles training in schools could increase the mental health of the students and decrease the psychological problems.

Injection is a usual procedures in nursing which can cause pain and this pain can lead to anxiety، discomfort and reduce the trust of the patients for the nurse’s abilities. As promoting patient''s comfort is among the nursing duty، this study was designed to compare the effect of Emla cream and cold compress on reducing the Enoxaparin injection site. This clinical trial with cross over planning study was performed on 53 inpatients at different wards of Yazd Shahid Sadughi Hospital with the order of administrating subcutaneous injection of 60mg Enoxaparine selected by convenient sampling method. EMLA cream، cold compress and control (routine intervention) were used for each case in three stages with 24 hours intervals. Site pain intensity was measured immediately after the injection by VAS and was analyzed using Fridman، Man Withney، Kruskal Wallis test by using the SPSS16 software. The mean of the severity of pain was 3/88±1/91without any interventions، 2/01±1/93 using Emla cream and 1/54±1/50 using of cold compress. There was a significant difference between the three methods (p<0/0001). Using Emla cream and cold compression reduced the pain of injection (p<0/05). But، there was not a significant differences between using these two methods on the reduction of pain. (p>0/05) According to the results of this study although using these two methods can reduce the pain in Enoxaparin injection site، as to the level of availability and cost effectiveness cold compress is suggested.

Considering the importance of Gastrointestinal Surgical Technology courses for Operating Room students، the teaching methods are important. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of lecture and Multimedia software on the learning of medical students in Gastrointestinal Surgical Technology course and also to assess students’ satisfaction from the Multimedia software method. In this quasi-experimental study، 60 Operating Room students of Kashan''s Nursing faculty who had selected Gastrointestinal Surgical Technology in the first and second term were divided into two groups as experimental and control. To assess their knowledge، students were given a pre-test. Then، the control group received instruction through lecture method and the experimental group received instruction through Multimedia Software method. Then، both groups took a post-test. Also، the attitude of the experimental group was assessed by a researcher-made Likert scale questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using independent and paired t-test and Smirnov Kolmogorov through SPSS14. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean of pre-test and post-test of the lecture groups، (P=0. 081). But this difference was significantly meaningful in the expriemental group (P=0. 024). There was significant difference between two group after intervention (p=0. 013). Multimedia software teaching method could be useful in teaching Gastrointestinal Surgical Technology of medical students by promoting learner''s internal motivation، increasing learning and satisfaction.

Evidence-based nursing is the process in which the nurse can use the available research evidences، his/her clinical skills and patient preferences for appropriate clinical decision making. This study aimed to identify the knowledge، attitude and practice of intensive care nurses on evidence-based nursing in the teaching hospitals of Yazd University of Medical Sciences Hospitals.

In this descriptive study، with census sampling، all of the 120 nurses working in ICU and CCU departments were selected. Tool used to evaluate the knowledge، attitude and practice of nurses was a standard questionnaire which was translated to Farsi. Collected data were analyzed using the statistical software SPSS 18، T-Test، correlation coefficient، ANOVA and frequency distributions.

The mean knowledge score was 22. 35 ± 4. 31 out of 38، the mean of attitude score was 23. 88 ± 1. 86 out of 29 and the mean of practice score was 28. 56 ± 3. 59 out of 37. The results about the knowledge، attitude and practice of nurses on evidence-based nursing indicated that the mean knowledge score had a significant relationship with gender (p=0. 001)، age (p=0. 009) and work experience (p=0. 004). The mean attitude score had a significant relationship with age (p=0. 001). The mean of practice score had a significant relationship with gender (p=0. 001)، age (p=0. 006) and with work experience (p=0. 004). Also، there was a significant relationship betwean the mean of knowledge score and mean practice scores (p=0. 001). Findings of this study showed that nurses have a positive attitude toward evidence-based nursing but most of them had moderate and low levels of knowledge and performance about it.

Based on the results of this study، the need to educate nurses about evidence-based practice in the form of practical and workshop training، provideing facilities for evidence based nursing، nurses'' participation in clinical research and establishing a view point of supporting research-based care seems necessary.