مجله سلامت جامعه
سال هشتم شماره 3 (پاییز 1393)

One of the characteristics of successful organizations is a dynamic and effective leadership which can provoke staff، the development of innovation and quality in improving and developing further than presidential role. This study aims to identify the roles of senior managers in medical universities in Iran، from presidential to middle leadership and from the view of managers and experts. This cross sectional study was conducted in 2012-2013 in deputy vice-Chancellery for Health in Medical Universities. Samples were selected randomly and quota. In the selected universities Managers and experts were interviewed in the census. The data collection tool was the questionnaire included individual and organizational variables and key questions about management and leadership. Data analysis was performed using Tests Spearma، Kendall، Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis in SPSS version 18. 0 through related statistical tests at a significant level of α <0. 05. Of the 267 executives and experts in this study، mean presidential and leadership role was 3. 04 and 1. 94، from 5 scores. Highest level of Presidential role for senior managers was identified for working within the bureaucracy، control of the organizational affairs in current form، and an emphasis on maintaining vertical communication. There was a significant relationship between type university، side of job and the level of perception of managers and experts (P=0. 014)، (P=0. 017). The study showed that the health department senior managers can play more roles in the Presidential Range. Therefore، it is recommended to arrange management training courses، especially to familiarize senior managers with the business excellence models.

The human character affects his behavior in personal and social life and sometimes as a result of maladaptive traits، a person faces serious problems. Considering the effects of environmental and biological factors in the formation of different menopausal problems، this study aimed to determine the characteristics associated with lifestyle in postmenopausal women in the Women''s Clinic of training centers in Mashhad. This Correlational study was conducted on 400 postmenopausal women referring to training maternity centers of Mashhad from September 2012 until December 2012. Participants were selected through simple sampling method and all of them completed NEO- F FI questionnaire and the health-promoting lifestyle questionnaire (52 questions) The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation، Man- Whitney، Kruskal-Wallis coefficient and linear regression statistical tests. The highest score of personality characteristics and lifestyle were related to conscientiousness (34. 1± 3. 3) and Interpersonal relationships (25. 5±3. 5) and the lowest scores were associated wite neuroticism (21. 6± 5. 6) and physical activity، (14. 7± 4. 5)، with the values of، respectively. The aspects of personality characteristics، had a significant correlation with dimensions lifestyle (P<0. 05). The results showed that women during menopause experience personality changes; and these changes can reduce their quality of life. As a result، efforts to improve of personality problems and change of lifestyle. Can improve the lifestyle and thus increase the health of postmenopausal women.

Many physical diseases could be the result of mental problems and are associated with personality traits. Diseases could also affect the well-being of patients. The aim of this study was comparison of personality characteristics and subjective well-being of catdio vascular and cancer patients referring to the treatment centers in Rafsanjan and Kerman in 2011.

This Cross-sectional study. was conducted on the patients referring to the cardiac and cancer treatment centers in Rafsanjan and Kerman. Among them 100 were randomly selected as sample and the five-factor personality and subjective well-being questionnaire were completed. Furthermore، these patients were compared to 50 subjects with matched Grouping. Data were analyzed using Variance and stepwise multiple linear regression. Data were entered into SPSS 19 software and were analyzed by using stepwise multiple linear regression.

The results showed that subjective well-being among the people with heart disease، cancer and healthy controls was significantly different (P<0/05). There were significant differences in extroversion، consent، conscientiousness، openness and personality characteristics between cardiovascular disease and cancer patients and the healthy subjects (P<0/05).

Based on the importance of personality factors in heart and cancer disease and prevention and treatment of these diseases، adopting a holistic approach، with emphasis on the psychological aspects can be useful.

The previous Research has shown that undesirable emotions are related to disordered eating behaviors and when eating is in response to negative emotions، it is more likely to affect a person''s health. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of depression symptoms and alexithymia in predicting disordered eating behaviors among female College students. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 464 female students of Allameh Tabataba’i University which were selected by multiple cluster sampling، was conducted. Participants responded to the questionnaires of depression symptoms، Toronto Alexithymia Scale and The eating attitudes test. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression. Results showed that there was a significant internal correlation among depression symptoms، alexithymia and disordered eating behavior (p<0. 01). Also، stepwise regression analysis indicated that depression symptoms and alexithymia significantly predicted 23% and 22% of the variance of disordered eating behaviors respectively (p<0. 01). The results suggest the importance of depression symptoms and alexithymia in predicting the disordered eating behaviors and these factors can explain the high degree of variability of these symptoms.

Diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of peripheral nerve involvement. It has been shown that oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of neurological and behavioral disorders. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of IMOD on treatment neuropathic pain in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Thirty two male rats were divided into four groups including control، sham، diabetic recipient IMOD and solvents. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (45mg/kg) dissolved in 0. 1 M citrate buffer. Thereafter، the diabetic rats were given Imod (40 mg dose in milliliters) orally for two weeks followed by performing Tail flick and Hot plate tests. one-way anova was used to evaluate and analysis of the data. In Hotplate and Tail Flick tests، solvent and sham groups showed significant decrease in the time of thermal pain response compared to the control group. In the Imod-treated group the response time of Hotplate was increased compared to sham and solvent groups (P<0. 01) But، there was no significant impact on the Tail Flick Test. The findings indicated that IMOD as an antioxidant agent caused a significant reduction in the neuropathic hyperalgesia in rats with diabetes mellitus. Given that patients with diabetic neuropathy suffer from pain it is hoped that the IMOD could be effective in reducing the pain associated with diabetic neuropathy.

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) includes physical، psychological and emotional symptoms that occur during the last days of premenstrual cycle and subside with the start of menstruation or during the first days of bleeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of clinical manifestations of premenstrual syndrome in young married women in Yazd. This descriptive -cross-sectional study was carried out on 240 young married women reterring to Yazd Health Care Centers. Data collection tools to measure the PMS، was Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool and demographic information. The Criteria for entraning the study was non-pregnant married women less than 45 years who had been married for at least 6 months and maximum 5 years. T -tests and ANOVA were used to analyze the data. Results showed that the frequency of moderate or severe PMS was 91. 3% and the frequency of premenstrual dysphoric disorder was 8. 7%. Considering the severity of the symptoms، the most common indications included. «Physical symptoms» with 22. 9%، «nervous irritability» with 21. 7%،، tiredness and lack of energy (19. 2%)، crying and increased sensitivity to negative reaction (13. 8%)، oversleeping (10. 8%) and، anxiety and tension (10. 4%). The Other common symptoms were below 10%. The im pact of symptoms in the family members with the frequency of 12. 1% was the most intensive symptom of all. According to the results، the large outbreak of premenstrual symptoms and the impact of signs on life and social relationships is undeniable. Thus، there is a need for more studies to be done on understanding the symptoms and implementing training stssions.

considering the nurses’ job sensitivity، tensions and work burnout، psychological health and wellbeing among these people is of the utmost importance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of transactional analysis training on self-esteem، emotional intelligence and mental well-being of the nurses at Milad hospital.

In this semi- emperical study we used pretest-posttest plan with controlled group. The population included the nurses working at the Medical Sciences hospitals of Tehran، in the second half of 2013. For the execution of this a hospital was chosen randomly، and at that hospital 30 nurses were randomly chosen and placed in 2 groups (controlled and experimental). The experimental group participated in eight 90-minute sessions of interactive analysis training، while the control group received no intervention. Tools for the study included: Brad berry & Greaves'' Emotional Intelligence SES scale and Psychological well-being scale. Obtained data were analyzied using Covariance analysis.

The results indicated that the modified averages of the experimental group compared to the control groups posttest scores on emotional intelligence variables (F = 4/97، P <0/05)، self-esteem (F = 10/35، p <0/01) and psychological well-being (F = 10/44، p > 0/01) was a significantly different.

Based on the positive effects of Berne theory training for the nurses، we recommmand that hospital administrations use this training to reduse tension and work burnout among the hospital employees.

Discharge against medical advice or leaving the hospital before the due data، is a problem in the health systems. Patients who leave hospital against medical advice may be at risk of adverse health outcomes and readmission. In this study we examined reasons of discharge against medical advice (DAMA) in the teaching hospitals of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in one years. This study is a descriptive –analytic study. The study sample consisted of all 7308 patient who were released upon their own desire. A check list was used to gather data and SPSS software and descriptive statistical methods were used for data analysis. DAMA rate was 11/24 percent in which 3658 (50/1%) patients were male and 62/2 % were married. The mean age of the patients was 33/43 ± 2/2. There was no difference in the mean age in the genders at the hospitals. The most common reason was addiction (43%) and then improvement in the disease (32/7 %). 88/9% patients were admitted for less than 24 hours. The emergency ward had the highest DAMA. In this study the DAMA rate was considered to be high and the most common reasons included patient''s problems. Informing the patients about the treatment process can be a step towards reducing DAMA، particularly in the heart disease and poisoning patients.