مجله سلامت جامعه
سال نهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1394)

sensing the need for continued assessment of preventive behaviors, have emphasized by the researchers of health field. Using the suitable mean in the scientific literature is the way to access this goal. So the current study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of self-assessment tool to prevent drug behavior in children based on the theory of planned behavior.
Material and This cross - sectional study was conducted with a random sample of 231 mothers with children less than 6 years of age who had referred to the health centers of Azadshahr city, during 2015. Through quantitative and qualitative outward validity, the ratio and index of content validity of tool was judged by a panel of 10 experts. Then, reliability of the tool was determined by the internal agreement (Cronbach's alpha coefficient) and was estimated and approved.
After reviewing the validity of results, content validity index of the questions were revised and the necessary changes were made in the narrative process was repeated until the desired amount of content validity index of more than 0.62 and reliability content of more than0.79 was achieved. Test-retest and reliability with more than 0.7 was confirmed.
The results of this study provided a good evidence of valid and reliable tools to assess preventive behavior of self-medication in children based on the theory of planned behavior.

Early maladaptive schemas are self-damaging emotional and cognitive patterns that lead to the formation of irrational beliefs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral therapy on maladaptive schemas of individuals with substance abuse.
This study was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and control groups. The statistical population of this study consisted of male substance abusers who referred to Methadone Addiction Treatment Clinics of Karaj in 2010. The sample of the study consisted of 30 substance abusers who were selected randomly and were assigned into experimental and control groups. To evaluate the participants in pre-test and post-test, Young's Short Form Questionnaire was used. Participants in the experimental group received group cognitive-behavioral therapy for 12 sessions but participants in the control group received no interventions. After implementing the post-test, data were analyzed using covariance analysis and Spss16 soft ware.
The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and the control groupss after implementing cognitive - behavioral therapy in quintuple areas of schema (P The findings of this study suggest the importance of group cognitive-behavioral therapy in reducing maladaptive schemas in substance abusers. Considering the importance of maladaptive schemas in developing psychological problems, group cognitive-behavioral therapy can be a complementary aspect of medical treatment in improving psychological problems associated with addiction.

Despite the myriad benefits of the Internet and the positive developments in the field of communication has created unfortunately some studies, serious adverse effects have been attributed to the use of the Internet among the most devastating complications can be pointed to Internet addiction. The present study compares the health and social acceptance of students with and without Internet addiction was made public. The present study compares the health and social acceptance of students with and without Internet addiction was made public.
The study was compared. A total of 341 students of Medical science and Islamic Azad University Tabriz in years 2013-14 randomly selected cluster and the demographics of Internet addiction, Young responded to the questionnaires. Then those who were above and below the cutoff score of the selected general health questionnaire and the social acceptance they were placed.
The scores of those with and without Internet addiction Internet addiction scale social acceptance and public health, Physical, Anxiety, Social and Depression significant difference (P0.05). Average social acceptance of people with Internet addiction 19/07 and 73/23 in the general population. Internet addiction and public health in people with 04/34 and 97/26 in the general population.
The results of this study, the phenomenon of Internet addiction as a social problem often faced by young people and the future of society is stuck, so this issue seriously, and officials in charge of the health of the university students in the field of culture proper training and proper use of the Internet in planning their students.

Hyperlipidemia is one of the factors contributing to cardiovascular disease (CVD). One way of reducing the complications of this disease is the use of medicinal plants. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Pistacia atlantica powder consumption on lipids and other biochemical factors in hyperlipidemic individuals.
This double blind clinical trial was conducted on 60 hyperlipidemic volunteers with blood triglycerides more than 200 mg/dl and cholesterol level over 245 mg/dl. The individuals were randomly divided into two groups, consuming 2.5 (30) and 5 gr (other 30) pistachio powder daily. Before using pistacia powder, fasting blood samples were collected from both groups then, they used pistacia atlantica for two months every day and at the end of study, fasting blood samples were collected again. Blood factors including: triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C were measured. The results were analyzed using SPSS software and p Blood triglycerides, cholesterol and LDL-C decreased significantly but the level of HDL-C increased significantly in both groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups based on the other factors.
According to the results of the present study, pistacia powder consumption can decrease triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL and increase HDL levels, therefore the pistacia atlantica can be useful for individuals with mild hyperlipidemia.

Hope plays an important role in the psychological well-being and quality of life. There is a growing interest on the importance of religion and spirituality on health and disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between hopefulness, spiritual experiences and student's quality of life.
Material and The research design was descriptive- correlation and the research population included the students of kharazmi University of Tehran from which 350 student were selected through random cluster sampling method. World Health Organization quality of life scale, Snyder,s hopefulness, and Daily spiritual experiences were used for data collection.
The predictive role of the hopefulness dimension for the quality of life variable was approved. The results of T-test for the difference between male and females in variables of quality of life, hopefulness and spiritual experience were-1.947, 0.453 and 3.836 respectively. The model which is presented could make clear 0.31 variance of variable of life quality (p Result of regression analysis states that hopefulness and daily spiritual experiences can predict the student’s life quality. Analyzing the data showed that there is no significant differences between quality of life of male and female students, but this difference is significant in daily spiritual experiences.

Body dysmorphic disorder falls under the category of obsessive-compulsive and is characterized by an excessive preoccupation with body, including too much attention to the organs and body parts which leads to confusion. The aim of this research was to determine body image disturbances in the paintings of obsessive compulsive disorder patients and comparing the results with healthy persons.
This was a cross sectional-descriptive study. Two groups which included 30 obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients and 30 healthy individuals were analyzed. These two groups were assimilated by some characterization such as: sex, age, marriage and job. The paintings were graded by Goodenough-Harris Drawing scale. Data were coded and entered into the computer program. The results were analyzed by descriptive and Chi-squared statistical testing.
The results showed that the OCD patients group’s drawings were statistically different in Draw-a-man test from the normal group in: The frequency of removal of the existence of geometric shapes, the details, the unusual sizes and unfitness of the organs.
OCD patients are impaired in body image. By using a non direct assessment and the help of Draw-a-man test which is a projective mechanism, we could detect the problem that the patients cannot express.

Considering the fact that depression during pregnancy has an effect on taking care of the baby as well as the relationship between mother and the child, taking care of other children and the relationship with the spouse, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the efficacy of the acceptance and commitment therapy on depression during pregnancy.
The design of this study was quasi-empirical, pretest-posttest with control group. The population included the pregnant women referring to the health care center of Vali-e-Asr in the city of Delfan in the first six months of the year 93, and the sample included 30 women whose score in the Beck depression questionnaire were higher than the mean (40) who were assigned to two groups of 15 randomly. Then, the treatment intervention (the acceptance and commitment therapy) was conducted on the experimental group for 8 sessions, one session in a week. The control group received no treatment. To test the hypothesis the covariance method with the significance level of 0.01 was used.
The results indicated that the independent variable affects the reduction of depression during pregnancy in women with 60% degree. In other words, the acceptance and commitment therapy resulted in a decrease in the depression of pregnant women (F= 59.50 p>0/01).
Since the acceptance and commitment therapy affects the reduction of depression of the women during pregnancy, it is recommended that this treatment be used by the specialists to treat depression during pregnancy.

Two important areas for every life are job and family. Work/family conflict is described as the incompatibility between work and family roles. It seems that this conflict is highlighted in the staff with shift works. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the marital satisfaction and Work/Family conflict among the nurses with fixed and changing shifts.
This study was a cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study. The study statistical population comprised of 264 nurses. Among them 242 who had the conditions for entering the study were selected through census method. To examine the samples, Enrich marital satisfaction questionnaire and Carlson work/family conflict questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18 by using Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test and multivariate regression analysis with a significant level of p The results showed that the average marital satisfaction in the constant shift nurses was 171/27 ± 30/57 and in nurses with changing shifts was 164/06 ± 23/99. In fact, based on the obtained results, significant differences were observed in marital satisfaction between fixed and changing shifts (p=0/017). Marital satisfaction was higher in nurses with fixed working shifts. Also the results showed that the mean of work / family conflict in nurses with constant shifts was 3/26 ± 0/85 and in the nurses with changing shifts was 3/34 ± 0/69. Therefore, there was no significant difference between the two groups in this field (p= 0/38).
According to the results, teaching the necessary skills to the shift workers about management of job and familial and marital satisfaction is essential.