فصلنامه اسلام و مطالعات اجتماعی
پیاپی 4 (بهار 1393)

Because two terms, “culture” and “communications”, are semantically distinct, formalizing the philosophy of “culture and communications”, as a simple combined philosophy and first-rank knowledge, helps the students to deeply understand this multi-disciplinary and paves the way for the upcoming studies with an Islamic approach. Since the philosophy of the compositional concept of “culture and communications” has not yet been elaborated in the literature of social sciences, the author tries to reestablish the philosophy of the contingent concept of “culture and communications” with the aid of the existing literature and the thinkers of this field through the semantic analysis of two distinct concepts of “philosophy of culture” and “philosophy of communications” as the simple combined philosophy.In so doing, after the analysis of two concepts of “culture” and “communications” in order to reveal the logical relationship between them, “philosophy of culture and communications” is defined as “a supervisional and intellectual study of the general rules of culture and communications in the levels of ontology, epistemology, and methodology”.

This paper studies the semantic evolution of the term, millah (religion), the time when Iranians were familiarized with modernity. In the traditional literature, millahmeans religion, but when Iranians became familiar with modernity, it was replaced withnation, meaning the originality of the rightful self-conscious individuals’ will, which was basically a non/anti-religious concept. The current paper demonstrates three major reasons for this replacement: first, the socio-political torrents of the mid-Qajar era that caused the term to be applied to the religious scholars and their followers besides the religion itself; this application was an important step towards the modern individualistic use of the term; second, the idea of a group of early intellectuals that if modern concepts had been conveyed in the form of the publicly-held religious and traditional terms, they would have been welcomed easier, so modernity would have spread faster. Therefore, the term, millah, was reiterated consciously because it was familiar for the Iranians then; and finally, the participation of a huge number of Iranian elites in the Ottoman Empire in which its national system was developing to Ottoman nation, Islamic nation, Turan nation and Turkik nation. The conceptual literature and verbal style of Ottoman elites in the period of tanzimat(reorganization) was penetrated to the public atmosphere of Iran. To do this research, we have relied on the documents, historical texts, poems, fatwas, and treatises of the mid-Qajar period.

Standard of living and the amount of benefit from the resources are of the matters that inevitably- consciously or unconsciously- make differentiation and social classes in every society. The relationship between this matter and the rise of social deviation has challenged thinkers so that they consider poverty as a source of social deviations. Admitting to this relationship based on a huge number of traditions, we must not seek everything in poverty, because most social deviations originate from injustice and result from the act of the authority who can conceal their own deviations through their power.In this paper, first we try to know the real meaning of this phenomenon, after which we sort the financial traditions in a logical order to choose the relevant traditions and be able to infer a logical understanding of the relationship between the amount of deviation and the amount of benefit from social resources according to the infallibles’ narrations.

The current research studies the functions of family from three aspects: psycho-biological, socio-educational, and protective-supportive-controlling ones. Paying full attention to Islamic teachings on the functions of family along with obeying Allah’s orders and following the infallibles’ conduct cause a full-of-belief life that is always manifested both in our thoughts and in our behavior. This manifestation leads to the formation of Islamic lifestyle, which in turn defines a personal and social identity. Doing a library research, we’d understand that family, as the smallest and the most important social institution, could lead to the formation of Islamic lifestyle and be identifying if it functions according to Islamic maxims. Consequently, we’d enjoy a developing society whose advantages encompass individuals, institutions, groups, and social structures.

Islam has been the only human religion that has based its call on a social basis, and has never left sociability due to human’s social nature. Human’s social life is manifested in different forms. After family as the most fundamental social unit, neighbors in a neighborhood are the most important social system that unanimously have some effective social interactions paving the way for the formation of a cultural and biological model which fits its congregational nature. Benefiting from nowadays’ discussions on the models of social life, we discuss on lifestyle briefly, then we try to find appropriate religious maxims through documentation so that we could formalize a model of neighborhood relations from an Islamic perspective through discovering some prominent concepts of neighbors’ mutual rights.

Muslim philosophers have argued for the necessity of revelation with an Islamic approach. AllamehTabatabaei has also been influenced by his preceding philosophers and presented a new argumentation for the necessity of need for revelation with some additional modifications. In some premises of his argument (e.i. necessity of congregation, necessity of disagreement, and necessity of regulation), he has followed his ancestors, but he considers belief and virtues as the foundation of law, so he extends respecting laws to the hereafter perfection without which no real prosperity is achievable. Three principles (i.e. Divine guidance, employment principle, and the ways of applying laws) in their monarchical, social, religious, and finally deeds’ acceptability are of his inventions