فهرست مطالب

Epidemiology and Health System Journal - Volume:4 Issue: 4, Autumn 2017

Epidemiology and Health System Journal
Volume:4 Issue: 4, Autumn 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/10/25
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Shervin Assari * Pages 232-239
    Background
    Although major depressive disorder (MDD) also increases the risk of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) perpetration, poor mental health has been mostly conceptualized as a consequence of IPV victimization rather than a risk factor for IPV perpetration. Poor impulse control is another IPV risk factor. Building on a risk / risk framework, this study investigates additive and multiplicative effects of male partners’ MDD and poor impulse control on physical IPV victimization reported by female partner.
    Methods
    This longitudinal study followed 2,500 male and female cohabiting partners for two years. Data came from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS). Male partner’s MDD was the independent variable. Baseline socio-demographic factors (age, relation status, education level, income, and minority status) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), and Alcohol Abuse (AA) were covariates. Outcome was female partner’s physical IPV victimization measured at baseline and two years later. Male partner’s impulse control was the moderator.
    Results
    In Model I that tested additive effects of SES, GAD, AA, MDD, and poor impulse control did not show main effects of MDD or impulse control on an increase in perpetration of physical IPV over two years. Model II showed that MDD predicts an increase in perpetration of physical IPV of men with poor impulse control, but not men with high impulse control.
    Conclusion
    There is a need for prevention of IPV by male partners who have multiple risk factors such as MDD and poor impulse control.
    Keywords: Physical intimate partner violence, Impulse control, Major depressive disorder
  • Mohammad Sahebalzamani, Seyedeh Zahra Hosseinigolafshani, Farnoosh Rashvand* Pages 240-244
    Background And Aims
    Urinary incontinence is common among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, which affects their quality of life negatively. This study examined the effectiveness of a behavioral training program on severity of urinary incontinence among Iranian women with MS.
    Methods
    This is a quasi experimental study. The sample was selected using purposeful sampling from all those who presented for routine follow-up care and treatment in an MS clinic in Tehran from March 2015 to September 2015. The training consisted of 2 sessions (each were 45 minutes) video, small group discussion and group lecture in which all aspects of the urinary incontinence were taught. Before the study initiation, patients were asked to complete the Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQUI-SF) and a demographic questionnaire. Three month after the first educational intervention, MS patients were reassessed using the ICIQUI-SF. Data analyzed in SPSS 21.
    Results
    The mean total scores of ICIQ-SF were 12.4 ± 3.3 and 7.1 ± 3.2 before and after training, respectively. According to the results of paired t test, this difference before and after study was statistically significant (P
    Conclusion
    Behavioral training could be effective strategy in management of bladder dysfunction in MS patients. Health-care providers should be aware of this and plan for use. Further study in this regard is strongly recommended.
    Keywords: Bladder dysfunction, bladder disorder, urinary incontinence, multiple sclerosis, Education
  • Jalal Poorolajal, Soheila Panahi, Ali Ghaleiha, Ebrahim Jalili, Nahid Darvishi * Pages 245-250
    Background And Aims
    Despite the growing epidemic of suicide among college students, the associated risk factors have not been properly understood in developing countries. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of suicide ideation and attempt and associated risk factors among university students.
    Methods
    We performed this cross-sectional study in the Hamadan University of Medical Sciences from January to May, 2016, and invited university students to participate voluntarily in the study. The outcomes of interest were suicide ideation and attempt. The exposures of interest were behavioral risk factors, including having girlfriends/boyfriends, emotional breakdown (also known as mental breakdown), illegitimate heterosexual and/or homosexual intercourse, cigarette smoking, drug abuse, psychiatric disorders, and social media.
    Results
    Of 1254 participants, 146 (11.7%) had suicidal ideation during the past year and 63 (5.0%) had attempted suicide at least once in the past year. After adjusting the odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) for age and sex, it was found that suicide ideation was significantly associated with emotional breakdown 2.33 (1.64, 3.31), heterosexual intercourse 2.71 (1.77, 4.15), homosexual intercourse 3.21 (1.97, 5.25), cigarette smoking 4.03 (2.65, 6.11), drug abuse 12.09 (7.97, 18.35), psychiatric disorders 12.48 (7.59, 20.53), no interest in the discipline 2.08 (1.40, 3.07), and despair about the future 2.18 (1.49, 3.19). There was no significant association between suicide ideation and using social media 1.13 (0.65, 1.96).
    Conclusion
    This study provided beneficial information about the association between suicidal ideation and attempted suicide and some behavioral risk factors among university students and emphasized the importance of these modifiable risk factors which if neglected, may severely impair the students’ function.
    Keywords: Student, Suicide, risk factors, prevalence
  • Maziyar Mollaei Pardeh *, Soheila Khodakarim, Korosh Etemad, Ali Habibi, Abolghasem Shokri Pages 251-254
    Background And Aims
    Injuries as a result of accident and other incidents are the largest and preventable public health issue in terms of morbidity and disability. Thus the present research aims to epidemiologically analyze the accidents in the individuals referred to Haftkel hospital during 2014.
    Methods
    The present research is a cross-sectional study with descriptive analytical approach conducted on a total of 667 patients referred to inpatient medical center and road emergency centers of Haftkal in Khuzestan province, due to the accidents from mid-March 2014 to early March 2015. Data analysis was conducted using frequency distribution and percentage for qualitative variables and mean (standard deviation) for quantitative variables and binary logistic regression and chi-square. P
    Results
    From mid-March 2014 to early March 2014, 667 accident victims referred to inpatient treatment centers and emergency centers, around 67% of whom were men and 33% women. The highest number of injuries was found in the age range of 16 to 39 years (42.6%, n = 284). More than half (56%) of these incidents occurred in city. More than 60% of the cases (n = 404) were related to accidents and the others involved attack by animals, fall, burn, poisoning and strike. Chi-square test show a strong significant relationship between the injury induced death and the accident location (P
    Conclusion
    The majority of the injured people were men and half of the incidents were associated with traffic accidents and in addition, all deaths occurred due to accident by vehicles. Mortality rate due to traffic accident was very high.
    Keywords: Accident, Haftkel, Epidemiology
  • Mehrnoosh Azade, Hossein Sazegar *, Noosha Zia-Jahromi, Amirmansour Alavi-Naeini Pages 255-259
    Background And Aims
    Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders with a worldwide prevalence of 5%. The prevalence is even higher among school age children ranging from 8% to 12%. ADHD is predominantly childhood-onset disorder and can persist into adolescence and adulthood to inflict long-term harm. The aim of this study was to identify the epidemiological features of ADHD and investigate the effects of vitamin D on kynurenine level in children with ADHD in Iran using ELISA method.
    Methods
    A case-control study was designed. The study participants consisted of 40 patients with ADHD and 40 healthy participants as control group. It was conducted in Isfahan Hasht Behesht hospital from July to November 2015. All samples were treated with 1000 U of vitamin D as a tablet twice daily. The level of kynurenine was measured in blood samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Data analysis was done using SPSS software.
    Results
    The results of this study showed that the mean vitamin D levels were 49.73 and 73.72, respectively before and after treatment in patient group, which seem significant. The mean vitamin D level after treatment was higher in patient group in comparison with control group. On the other hand, the mean kynurenine levels were 608.1 and 662.9, respectively before and after treatment in patient group. The mean kynurenine level was the same before and after treatment.
    Conclusion
    According to the results of the study, we can conclude that vitamin D did not have a significant effect on kynurenine level in children with ADHD.
    Keywords: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Vitamin D, Kynurenine, ELISA
  • Mohammad Ali Soleimani, Saeed Pahlevan Sharif, Kelly-Ann Allen, Hamid Sharif Nia* Pages 260-266
    Background And Aims
    Despite a substantial body of work examining the role of death anxiety (DA) in an individual’s quality of life, there is a lack of valid and standardized instruments that could measure this construct for patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). The objective of this study was to examine the psychometric characteristics and factor structure of the Templer Death Anxiety Scale (TDAS) within a sample of Iranian patients who had experienced acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
    Methods
    In this study, 584 patients with CHD completed the TDAS. A principal components analysis evaluated dimensionality of the measuring instrument. Reliability and validity were assessed.
    Results
    Factor analysis found 3 distinct factors (fear of death due to illness, fear of facing death, and distress due to short time of life). Convergent and discriminant validity for the constructs of the TDAS were fulfilled. The internal consistency for the measure was
    Conclusion
    Findings revealed that the Persian version of the TDAS is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used for the assessment and evaluation of DA in Iranian patients with CHD.
    Keywords: Heart disease, Death anxiety, Psychometric properties, Iran
  • Mohsen Naderi Beni *, Gholamreza Espareh, Masoud Asgari Pages 267-269
    Background And Aims
    Hypothyroidism is the most prevalent cause of mental dysfunctions. The rate of this problem in Iran is higher than the average rate of the world. Other studies have shown different prevalence rates of this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of caesarean operation on the increase of hypothyroidism.
    Methods
    This study was a case-control study performed on the newborns in Chadegan County during 2016-2017. The number of cases (TSH >3.5) was 84 and the number of controls (TSH ≤3.5) was 176. After matching at individual and group levels,analysis was done based on odds ratio and the confidence interval.
    Results
    This study showed that there was no relationship between caesarean and hypothyroidism (odds ratio [OR] = 1.235) with the confidence interval of 0.73-2.08.
    Conclusion
    This study did not show any relationship between caesarean and hypothyroidism and therefore the role of other risk factors especially genetic and environmental risk factors should be emphasized. Other studies also reported such relationship.
    Keywords: Caesarean, Hypothyroid, TSH, Congenital hypothyroidism
  • Sattar Kikhavani, Shaban Roshani, Salahedin Aj, Kourosh Sayehmiri * Pages 270-275
    Background And Aims
    Internet is one of the new technologies whose users are increasing, and internet addiction is defined as the excessive use of internet. One of the factors that influence internet addiction is depression. The purpose of our study was to investigate the relationship between internet addiction and depression in Iranian users using meta-analysis.
    Methods
    In our systematic review and meta-analysis, a total of 10 articles in Persian and English, published in local and international journals between 2008 and 2014 were selected through searching in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, Medlib, and Irandoc databases, and the information were analyzed using a method of meta-analysis (random effects model). I-square test was used to examine heterogeneity. Data were analyzed by STATA version 11.2.
    Results
    There were significant correlations between internet addiction and depression (P
    Conclusion
    Our results indicated positive significant correlation between internet addiction and depression in adolescents and young adults in Iranian users. There was a positive correlation between internet addiction and depression as one of the most important psychological disorders. This issue requires further attention and study.
    Keywords: Internet addiction, depression, systematic review, Meta-analysis